Chapter-7 Prisons

Question 1

The auburn prison system

Answer 1

Allowed inmates to work together during the day under strict silence. At night prisoners were isolated in small sleeping cells. With time sleeping cells became congregate and restrictions against talking were removed.
-second historical phase of prison

Question 2

Penitentiary

Answer 2

• earliest for of large scale in carceration
• punished criminals by seperating them so they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and reform.
• 1790-1825

Question 3

Mass prison era

1825-1876

Answer 3

Congregate labor and living spaces without silence and contract prison labor

Question 4

Reformatory era

1876-1890

Answer 4

Indeterminat sentence parole. It was said that education and science were vehicles for controlling crime.

Question 5

Industrial era

1890-1935

Answer 5

Inmates worked in prison Industries.

Question 6

Public accounts system

Answer 6

The warden was responsible for purchasing materials and equipment and for over seeing the manufacture,marketing,and sale of prisonmade items.

Question 7

Contract system

Answer 7

The prison advertised for bids for the employment of prisoners whose labor was sold to the highest bidder

Question 8

Convict lease system

Answer 8

Prison temporarily relinquishes prisoners to a lessee. The lessee either employed the prisoner within the institution or transported them to work elsewhere within the state.

Question 9

State use system

Answer 9

Employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by state governments and their agencies, departments, and institutions

Question 10

Public work system

Answer 10

Prisoners were employed in the construction of public buildings, roads and parks

Question 11

Punitive era

1935-1945

Answer 11

The closing of prison industries ended and they emphasized strict punishment and custody.
-alcatraz opened in this era

Question 12

Treatment era

1945-1967

Answer 12

This emerged in response to prison riots across the usa. After ww2 the prison population exploded. They used reform through classification, therapy, and increased use of the indeterminate sentence was focused on the medical model

Question 13

Medical model

Answer 13

A philosophy in prisoner reform in which criminal behavior is regarded as a disease to be treated with appropriate therapy

Question 14

The pennsylvania prison system

Answer 14

Emerged in the usa at the turn of the 19th century.

• Isolated prisoners from eachother to avoid harmful influences and to give prisoners reflection time so they can repent.
• first historical phase of prison

Question 15

Community based era

1967-1980

Answer 15

Shelters for released inmates in new york- isaac t hopper home
Then church groups founded more halfway houses

Question 16

Warehouse era

1980-1995

Answer 16

Raegon formed “war on drugs” and 3 strikes youre out rule began. Within 15 years the number of oeople under correctional supervision jumped from 1.8 million to almost 6 million.

Question 17

Just deserts era

1985-now

Answer 17

Offenders are punished because they deserve it.

Question 18

Race

Answer 18

Blacks are incarcerated at nearly 6 times the rate of whites.
Hispanics nearly double whites.

Question 19

Ages

Answer 19

18-34 has decreased 47 percent today.

Question 20

Most sserious offenses

Answer 20

53- violent offenses
18 percent - prperty offenses
17 - drug offenses
11- public order offenses

Question 21

Classification

Answer 21

The process of subdividing the inmate population into meaningful categories to match offender needs with correctional resources

Question 22

External classification

Answer 22

Interinstitutional placement of an inmate that determines an inmates security level

Question 23

Internal classification

Answer 23

Intrainstitutional placement that determines through review of an inmates background assignment to housing units or cell blocks work and programming based on the inmates risks needs and time to serve.

Question 24

Unit management system

Answer 24

Method of controlling inmates in self contained living ares and making inmates and staff accessible to eachother.

Question 25

Work assignments

Answer 25

Meaningful work programs are the most powerful tool prison administrators have in managing crowding and idleness, which can lead to disorder and conduct

Question 26

Operational assignments

Answer 26

In operational assignments inmate perform task necessary to functioning of the facility or larger corrections systems

Question 27

Community projects

Answer 27

Correctional institutions allow inmates to gain work experience through these. This benifits the community while the inmates gain experience jn a nonprison facility.

Question 28

State prison industry and the prison industry enhancement certification program (piecp)

Answer 28

Allows inmates to work for private employer in the free world occupation and ear prevailing wages.

Question 29

Federal prison industries (fpi)

Answer 29

A federal paid inmate work program and self supporting corporation.

Question 30

Unicor

Answer 30

The trade name of federal prison industries. Provides such programs us military uniforms, electronic cable assemblies and modular furniture.

Question 31

Priciple of least eligibility

Answer 31

The requirement that prison conditions- including the delivery of health care- must be a step below those of the working class and people on welfare

Question 32

Operational capacity

Answer 32

The number of inmates that a facilitys staff, existing programs, and services can accommodate

Question 33

Design capacity

Answer 33

The number of inmates that planners or architects intend for the facility

Question 34

Justice reinvestment

Answer 34

The practice of reducing spending on prisons and investing a portion of the savings into infrastructure and civic institutions located in high-risk neighborhoods

Question 35

Maximum or close/high security prison

Answer 35

Design,organized and staffed to confine the most dangerous offenders for long periods. It has a highly secured perimeter, barred cells, and high staff to inmate ratio. It imposes strict control on the movement of inmates and visitors and it offers few programs, amenities and priveledges

Question 36

Medium security prison

Answer 36

Confines offenders that are considered leas dangerous than those in maximum security, for short and long time periods. Has fewer control on inmates and visitors freedom of movement unlike the maximum security. It too has barred cells and fortified perimeters the staff to inmate ration is generally lower. And the level of amenities and priveledges is slightly higher.

Question 37

Minimum security prisons

Answer 37

Confines the least dangerous offenders for short and long time periods. It allows as much freedom of movement and priveledges and amenities and the facility goals approve. It may have dormitory housing and the staff to inmate ration is relatively low.

Question 38

Open institutions

Answer 38

A minimum security facility that has no fences or walls surrounding it.