Chapter 7 - Principles of Pathophysiology Flashcards
aerobic metabolism
the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner, with minimal waste products
anaerobic metabolism
the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner, with many waste products
cardiac output
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate ∙ stroke volume)
chemoreceptors
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
dead air space
air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
dehydration
an abnormally low amount of water in the body
diaphoresis
sweating; condition of cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin
edema
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
electrolyte
a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles
FiO2
fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
hypersensitivity
an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
hypoperfusion
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also
called shock
metabolism
the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
minute volume
the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
patent
open and clear; free from obstruction
pathophysiology
the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
perfusion
the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
plasma oncotic
the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
shock
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also
called hypoperfusion
stretch receptors
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system
tidal volume
the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
V/Q match
ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
