Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 7- Organisms and their Environment > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Organisms and their Environment Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a structural adaptation? Give an example.

A

A body part that helps an organism to survive.

Example: a polar bears fur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a behavioural adaption? Give and example.

A

A feature of an organism’s habits, actions or way of life that helps and organism to survive.

Example: a loin sheltering under a tree.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a physiological adaptation? Give an example.

A

A feature of the way an organism’s body works.

Example: increased metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define environment

A

The sum total of all the factors that affect an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define and give an examples of abiotic factors.

A

Are the physical and chemical factors present in an environment.

Examples: sunlight intensity, temperature, pH of soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define and give examples of biotic factors.

A

The presence or absence of living things that affect an organism.

Examples:predators, prey, competitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a tolerance range?

A

The range in which the species can survive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a optimal range ?

A

Narrow range within the tolerance range in which organisms functions best and produces the highest possible population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the zone of physiological stress.

A

Stress caused when an organism experiences conditions outside its tolerance range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the zone of intolerance.

A

Is the area outside the range where a population is absent as it cannot survive due to the extreme factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name four vegetation types.

A
  • desert
  • woodlands
  • scrublands
  • grassland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

A

Qualitative data are descriptions that do not involve measurements while quantitative data are measurements that can be quantified- expressed in units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List eight leaf structures and adaptations.

A
  • leaves dangle
  • shiny leaves reflect light and heat
  • reduction of area of leaf surface
  • inwards rolling of leaf surface with stomata
  • water storage in succulent leaves
  • epidermal hairs to trap moist air
  • reduced number of stomata
  • plants with thick and hard cuticle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the impact of a plant having a hard and thick cuticle ?

A

It reduces evaporation and wilting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the impact to a plant with a reduced number of stomata ?

A

It reduces water loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does having inward rolling leafs enclosing surface with stomata affect a plant? I

A

It increases humidity and reduces diffusion gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the impact of having epidermal hairs to trap moist air?

A

It increases humidity and reduces diffusion gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the impact of having water storage in succulent leaves ?

A

It increases water conservation.

19
Q

What is the benefit to plants of having shiny leaves that reflect heat and light ?

A

It reduces heat gain.

20
Q

What is the benefit that having leaves that dangle?

A

It reduces the area exposed to sun.

21
Q

What are epiphytes, where do they grow and what advantage do they have?

A

They are aerial plants. They grow on the branches and trunks of other plants. They gain advantage in competing for light by living high up on the rainforest trees.

22
Q

Give a description of mesophytes and list some of its characteristics.

A

Mesophytes are plants in areas with adequate water. Some of its characteristics is that even though it loses water via stomata it gains it again through their roots. Also some plants shed thier leaves if conditions such as water availability are low.

23
Q

Give a description on hydrophytes and list some of its characteristics.

A

Hydrophytes are aquatic plants. They grow in submerged or partially submerged water.

24
Q

Give a description of halophytes and list some of its characteristics.

A

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants. They store water in special tissues, they have lots of air spaces in roots and stem. They also have reduced leaves.

25
Q

Give a description of xerophytes and list some of its characteristics.

A

Xerophytes are plants in areas where water is scarce. Their angled branched ensures water is channelled to their roots.

26
Q

List plant adaptations to fire.

A
  • some plants Riley on fire to regeneration
  • some produce seeds
  • some have epicormic buds
  • some germinate
  • some drop seeds
27
Q

Explain the use of firestick farming by the Aborigines.

A

The first Australians used to light up controlled fires that cleared a lot of the bush to make it more suitable for grassland to develop. It was used to attract animals for the Aboriginals to live off. It would be done in seasons with a certain amount of moisture in the air.

28
Q

What are the benefits of firestick farming?

A

Benefits of firestick farming:

  • The aboriginals could have animals to hunt and live off.
  • The controlled fires prevented future major, uncontrolled fires.
  • Brought other animals to the land.
  • Promoted new growth.
  • Puts recycled nutrients back into the soil.
29
Q

Name five important phytohormones.

A
  • auxin
  • cytokinins
  • gibberellins
  • abscisic acid
  • ethylene
30
Q

What is the role of cytokinins?

A

Their role is that they stimulate cell division. This causes growth on the side. They also help with the growth of flowers and fruits.

31
Q

What are the roles of gibberellins ?

A

Promotes cell division and elongation in plant shoots.It controls the yearly cycles of the plant.

32
Q

What is the role of abscisic acid?

A

It promotes closure of stomata partially during times of water stress. It stimulates dormancy in seeds and buds. It causes plants to suppress fruit formation and stops transpiration.

33
Q

What is the role of ethylene?

A

In gaseous state, it is significant in ripening fruits. It stimulates colour change and softens the tissues of ripening fruits.

34
Q

What is the role of auxin ?

A

Promotes plant cell elongation.

35
Q

Explain how the distribution of auxin influence s bending in plants during geotropism.

A

When a plant is growing from a sign, auxin moves against gravity. It causes roots to grow on the side facing up. This makes the stem to bend towards gravity.

36
Q

Example how the distribution of auxin influences bending in plants during phototropism.

A

Auxin moves to the shady side of a stem. The auxin loosens up the cellulose in the cell wall. This makes the cells bigger and causes the cells to grow faster and bend towards the opposite direction.

37
Q

What is tropism?

A

The growth movement in response to a unidirectional stimulus.

38
Q

What is the stimulus of phototropism and is its response ?

A

Stimulus: light
Response:
Positive- shoots grow towards the light
Negative- roots grow away.

39
Q

What is the stimulus of geotropism and what is its response ?

A

Stimulus: Gravity
Response:
Positive-roots grow downwards
Negative-shoots grow upwards

40
Q

What is the stimulus of hydrotropism and what is its response ?

A

Stimulus: water
Response: roots grow towards water

41
Q

What is the stimulus of thigmotropism and what is its response ?

A

Stimulus: touch, contact
Response: stems and tendrils grow round or against points of contact with solid objects.

42
Q

What is the stimulus of chemotropism and what is its response ?

A

Stimulus: chemical
Response:
Positive- pollen tubes of some plants are attracted to the stigma of the same species, enabling fertilisation. The ovary produces chemicals that produce a positive response.

43
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Structural, behavioural, physiological and productive characteristics enabling organisms to obtain their requirements and increase the chance of survival of the individual or the species.

Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions