chapter 7- marriage, family and kinship

Question 0

incest taboo

Answer 0

a prohibition on sexual relations between relatives

Question 1

what is marriage?

Answer 1

the customs, rules and obligations that establish a socially endorsed relationship between adults and children, and between the kin groups of the married partners

Question 2

exogamy

Answer 2

a rule specifying that a person must marry outside a particular group

Question 3

endogamy

Answer 3

a rule prescribing that a person must marry within a particular group

Question 4

cross-cousin marriage

Answer 4

marriage between the children of a parents siblings of the opposite sex. (mother’s brother, fathers sister).

Question 5

levirate

Answer 5

the custom whereby a man marries the widow of a deceased brother

Question 6

sororate

Answer 6

the custom whereby when a man’s wife dies, her sister is given to him as a wife

Question 7

monogamy

Answer 7

a rule that permits a person to be married to only one spouse at a time

Question 8

polygamy

Answer 8

a rule allowing more than one spouse at a time

Question 9

polygyny

Answer 9

a rule permitting a man to have more than one wife at a time

Question 10

polyandry

Answer 10

a rule permitting a woman to have more than one husband at a time

Question 11

arranged marriage

Answer 11

the process by which senior family members exercise a great degree of control over the choice of their childrens spouses

Question 12

bride service

Answer 12

the cultural rule that a man must work for his bride’s family for a variable length of time either before or after the marriage

Question 13

bridewealth

Answer 13

goods presented by grooms kin to the brides kin to legitimize a marriage 9 (formerly called “bride price”)

Question 14

dowry

Answer 14

presentation of goods by the brides kin to the family of the groo, or to the couple

Question 15

nuclear family

Answer 15

a family organized around the conjugal tie - basically a husband wife, and their children

Question 16

conjugal tie

Answer 16

the relationship between a husband and wife formed by marriage

Question 17

extended family

Answer 17

family based on blood relations extending over three or more generations

Question 18

consanguineal

Answer 18

related by blood

Question 19

neolocal residence

Answer 19

system under which a couple establishes an independent household after marriage

Question 20

patrilocal residence

Answer 20

system under which a bride lives with her husbands family after marriage

Question 21

matrilocal residence

Answer 21

system under which a husband lives with his wife’s family after marriage

Question 22

avunculocal residence

Answer 22

system under which a married couple lives with the husband’s mother’s brother

Question 23

bilocal residence

Answer 23

system under which a married couple has the choice of living with the husband or wife’s fanily

Question 24

surrogate motherhood

Answer 24

a variety of reproductive technologies in which a woman helps a couple to have a child by acting as a biological surrogate carrying an embryo to term

Question 25

kinship

Answer 25

a culturally defined relationship on the basis of blood ties or through marriage

Question 26

kinship system

Answer 26

the totality of kin relations, kin groups, and terms for classifying kin in a society

Question 27

inheritance

Answer 27

the transfer of a property between generations

Question 28

succession

Answer 28

the transfer of office or social position between generations

Question 29

descent

Answer 29

the culturally established affiliation between a child or one or both parents

Question 30

descent group

Answer 30

a group of kin who are descendants of a common ancestor, extending beyond two generations

Question 31

unilineal descent

Answer 31

a rule specifying that membership in a descent group is based on links through either the maternal line or the paternal line but not both

Question 32

corporate descent group

Answer 32

permanent kinship groups that have an existence beyond the individuals who are members at any given time

Question 33

lineage

Answer 33

a group of kin whose members trace descent from a known common ancestor

Question 34

patrilineage

Answer 34

a lineage formed by descent in the male line

Question 35

matrilineage

Answer 35

a lineage formed by descent in the female line

Question 36

clan

Answer 36

a unilineal kinship group whose members believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor but who can not trace this link through known relatives

Question 37

patrilineal descent

Answer 37

a rule that affiliates a person to kin of both genders related through males only

Question 38

matrilineal decsent

Answer 38

a rule that affiliates a person to kin of both genders related through females only

Question 39

double descent

Answer 39

the tracing of descent through both matrilineal and patrilineal links, each of which is used for diff purposes.

Question 40

nonunilineal (cognatic) descent

Answer 40

any system of descent in which both father's and mother's lineages have equal claim to the individual

Question 41

bilateral descent

Answer 41

system of descent under which individuals are equally affiliated with their mother's and their father's descent group

Question 42

kindred

Answer 42

a unique kin network made up of all the people related to a specific individual in a bilateral kinship system

Question 43

kinship terminology

Answer 43

the words used to identify different categories of kin in a particular culture

Question 44

ambilineal descent

Answer 44

a form of bilateral descent in which an individual may choose to affiliate with either the father's or mother's descent group

Question 45

ego

Answer 45

the person from whose perspective the kinship chart is viewed

Question 46

"all of kin" by carol stock

Answer 46

did field work in african american community and discovered that they make artificial kinship ties for survival

Question 47

collateral kin

Answer 47

kin descended from a common ancestor but not in a direct ascendant or descendant line , such as siblings and cousins

Question 48

affinal

Answer 48

relatives by marriage, in-laws

Question 49

bifurcation

Answer 49

a principle of classifying kin under which different kinship terms are used for the mother's side of the family and the fathers side of the family