Chapter 7 Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

lymph

Answer 1

lymphatic system is a network of vessels, ducts, and nodes through which flows a fluid

Question 2

lymphatic system

Answer 2

one - way system, transporting interstital fluid back to the blood stream
lymph flows only towards the blood

Question 3

4 Functions of the Lymphatic System

Answer 3

1. returns excess intersitital tissue fluid back to the blood stream
2. protects the body by removing impurities such as cancer cells, pathogenic organisms, dead blood cells throught the processes of filtration and phagocytosis
3. transports certain fats absorbed in the small intestine to the blood stream
4. processes lumphocytes

Question 4

Spleen’s role in the lymphatic system (4)

Answer 4

1. contains phagocytic macrophages that engulf and destroy pathogens
2. synthesizes antibodies and removes antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells by way of blood and lymph node circulation
3. involved with removing old red blood cells through filtration and phagocytosis
4. spleen’s absence leads to a predisposition toward certain infections

Question 5

Lymphocytes

Answer 5

most important WBC for specific immunity
enable the body to remember antigens and to distinguish a foreign invader from what belongs to the body
circulate in the blood stream and lymphatic system

Question 6

3 Types of Lymphocytes

Answer 6

1. T - Lymphocytes (produce in thymus gland, stores in spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes, destroyed by HIV)
2. B - Lymphocytes (produced by bone marrow, produce antibodies against foreign invaders)
3. Natural Killer Lymphocytes - attack foreign particles directly

Question 7

What is the immune system?

Answer 7

the body’s defence against specific diseases

able to distinguish foreign invaders from self, and so will provide security against disease

Question 8

Antigen

Answer 8

foreign substance that enters human body and produces an immune response

• found on surface of pathogenic organisms
• could be toxin, pollen or on foods
• IT MUST stimulate the activity of lymphocytes

Question 9

Antibody

Answer 9

• protein molecule
• immunoglobulin
• synthesized by plasma cells what are transformed B-lymphocytes
• found in serum, urine, spinal fluid, lymph nodes and the spleen

Question 10

5 Different immunoglobens

Answer 10

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

Question 11

Complement

Answer 11

group of blood proteins that help antibodies destroy antigens

Question 12

Natural Immunity

Answer 12

Active Natural - individual is directly exposed to a disease
Passive Natural - temporary - when the fetus receives antibodies from the mother either through the placenta or through drinking breast milk

Question 13

Artificially acquired immunity

Answer 13

Active artificial immunity - injected with vaccine which can last a long time
Passive artificial immunity - exposed to a dangerous disease is injected with antiserum or immune serum which is made of specific antibodies able to combat that disease (short period of time)

Question 14

Rejection Syndrome

Answer 14

when a body rejects a transplanted organ, an antigen/antibody reaction is occuring

Question 15

IgM

Answer 15

first to respond (first responders)

Question 16

IgA

Answer 16

guards the portal of entry (eye, nose, mouth, GI tract)

Question 17

IgD

Answer 17

No one what they do

Question 18

IgG

Answer 18

remains period long term protection

Question 19

IgE

Answer 19

involved with allergic responses and parastic infections