Chapter 7 - Life Span Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

A

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

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2
Q

The areas of the infant’s skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.

A

fontanelles

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3
Q

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

A

shrinkage of the brain.

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4
Q

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

A

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

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5
Q

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

A

19 & 25 years.

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6
Q

What is normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:

A

90 & 140 mm Hg.

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7
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

A

12-20 breaths/min

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8
Q

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

A

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears

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9
Q

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

A

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

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10
Q

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.

A

Normal

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11
Q

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

A

They are preparing for retirement but must still manage every day financial demands.

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12
Q

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

A

70 beats/min.

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient’s vital signs?

A

Increased weight

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14
Q

An infant’s blood pressure typically increases with age because:

A

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

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15
Q

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

A

Secondary sexual development begins.

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16
Q

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________.

A

the blockage of a coronary artery

17
Q

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

A

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

18
Q

Children of which age group are considered toddlers?

A

1-3 years

19
Q

In preconventional reasoning, children:

A

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

20
Q

Older adults frequently ___________.

A

take multiple medications

21
Q

_________ is a critical stage in the development of conscience-based decision making.

A. Young adulthood
B. Adolescence
C. School age
D. Preschool age

A

C. School age

22
Q

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
B. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life.
C. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children.
D.Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.

A

A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

23
Q

Age-related shrinkage of the brain increases the risk of ___________.

A. brain injury
B. forgetfulness
C. loss of motor control
D. dementia

A

A. brain injury

24
Q

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

A.Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
B. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly.
C. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age.
D. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person’s level of intelligence decreases with age.

A

A.Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

25
Q

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

A. 60 to 100 beats/min.
B. 70 to 120 beats/min.
C. 90 to 140 beats/min.
D. 00 to 150 beats/min.

A

B. 70 to 120 beats/min.

26
Q

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:

A. becomes acutely anxious in the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings.
B. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted.
C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.
D. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net.

A

C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

27
Q

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.
B. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries.
C. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily.
D. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

A

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

28
Q

Secondary sexual development occurs during _________________.

A. early adulthood
B. school age
C. adolescence
D. middle adulthood

A

C. adolescence

29
Q

High-risk behaviors usually peak during ________.

A. school age
B. young adulthood
C. middle adulthood
D. adolescence

A

D. adolescence

30
Q

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
B. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s.
C. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years.
D. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

A

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

31
Q

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in a person who:

A. provides an organized, routine environment.
B. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger.
C. frequently changes the infant or toddler’s regular routine.
D. does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures.

A

A. provides an organized, routine environment.

32
Q

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.

A. 68, 100
B. 70, 102
C. 72, 110
D. 78, 120

A

D. 78, 120

33
Q

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the:

A. elasticity of the lungs decreases.
B. surface area of the alveoli increases.
C. overall size of the airway decreases.
D. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.

A

A. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

34
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for an infant?

A. 80–100 beats per minute
B. 100–160 beats per minute
C. 60–80 beats per minute
D. 160–200 beats per minute

A

B. 100–160 beats per minute

35
Q

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:

60 mm Hg.
70 mm Hg.
80 mm Hg.
90 mm Hg.

A

90 mm Hg.