Chapter 7: Inside the Cell Flashcards
All cells contain which three structures?
A) chromosome, ribosomes, and plasma membrane
B) cell wall, plasmids, and ribosomes
C) chromosome, cell wall, and flagella
D) cell wall, flagella, and ribosomes
A) chromosome, ribosomes, and plasma membrane
Which one of the following statements describes a fundamental difference between plant cells and animal cells?
A) Animal cells do not possess chromatin.
B) Plant cells do not have a Golgi apparatus.
C) Plant cells do not have mitochondria.
D) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
D) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
A certain eukaryotic cell type specializes in synthesizing lipids. Which organelle do you think would be found in greater abundance in this cell type compared with other cell types that don’t synthesize lipids?
A) lysosomes
B) mitochondria
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A large carbohydrate is tagged with a fluorescent marker and placed in the extracellular environment surrounding a eukaryotic cell. The cell ingests the carbohydrate via endocytosis. Upon viewing the cells with a microscope, which of the following cellular substructures is likely to be fluorescently labelled?
A) lysosomes
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) nucleus
A) lysosomes
Differential centrifugation is a technique that allows researchers to _____.
A) track the movement of a particular class of molecules over time
B) separate cell components from one another
C) observe the internal architecture of cells
D) determine the three-dimensional structure of a macromolecule
B) separate cell components from one another
You have discovered a new type of animal cell and view it under the electron microscope. You discern many peroxisomes, more than in other cell types. Which of the following is a reasonable assumption?
A) This cell type is specialized for oxidizing molecules.
B) This cell type specializes in degrading material brought in via phagocytosis.
C) This cell type secretes a lot of proteins.
D) The function of this cell type is to generate a lot of energy as ATP.
A) This cell type is specialized for oxidizing molecules.
Which of the following is true of the nucleus?
A) It is surrounded by a double membrane.
B) It contains only DNA.
C) It has no definite structure.
D) It is the eukaryotic cell’s energy-producing organelle.
A) It is surrounded by a double membrane.
Gold particles below a certain size limit that are injected into the cytoplasm can later be observed in the nucleus. This suggests which of the following?
A) DNA requires gold to function effectively.
B) No cellular proteins require a nuclear localization signal (NLS).
C) Gold particles contain a nuclear localization signal.
D) Molecules below a certain size can diffuse nonselectively through the nuclear pore complex.
D) Molecules below a certain size can diffuse nonselectively through the nuclear pore complex.
There are hundreds, if not thousands, of proteins that are specifically localized to the cell nucleus. What is likely to be true about transport of these proteins into the nucleus?
A) These must all be small proteins that can diffuse through the nuclear pore complexes without requiring energy expenditure.
B) Proteins specifically localized to the nucleus must have the same or a similar nuclear localization signal that directs them to the nucleus.
C) There must be hundreds, if not thousands, of different nuclear pore complexes, one for each type of protein to be transported into the nucleus.
D) Many different types of proteins must be transported together as a large macromolecular structure so that only one nuclear pore complex is required for the group of proteins.
B) Proteins specifically localized to the nucleus must have the same or a similar nuclear localization signal that directs them to the nucleus.
A protein lacking a signal sequence directing it to a particular location in a cell will likely reside _____.
A) in the endoplasmic reticulum
B) outside the cell
C) in the nucleus
D) in the cytoplasm
D) in the cytoplasm
Researchers supplied a short pulse of radioactively labelled leucine, followed by a long chase of unlabelled leucine, to cells that secrete digestive enzymes. The bulk of the radioactive label was initially found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then in the Golgi apparatus, then in secretory vesicles, and finally outside the cell. These results support which of the following hypotheses?
A) Secreted proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and travel through the Golgi apparatus to be packaged into secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
B) Microtubules and other elements of the cytoskeleton are dynamic—they grow and shrink.
C) Cargo is transported through the endomembrane system in vesicles that contain molecular “zip codes.”
D) Materials enter cells via endocytosis and leave cells via exocytosis.
A) Secreted proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and travel through the Golgi apparatus to be packaged into secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Suppose that a transmembrane protein destined for the plasma membrane was labelled with a fluorescent dye on the part of the protein exposed on the outer face of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. If the protein is distributed among cellular compartments, where would you expect the dye to be located?
A) The dye will be on the outer face of the endoplasmic reticulum, on the outer face of the Golgi apparatus, and on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane.
B) The dye will be on the outer face of the endoplasmic reticulum, on the outer face of the Golgi apparatus, and on the intracellular face of the plasma membrane.
C) The dye will be on the inner face of the endoplasmic reticulum, on the inner face of the Golgi apparatus, and on the intracellular face of the plasma membrane.
D) The dye will be on the outer face of the endoplasmic reticulum, on the inner face of the Golgi apparatus, and on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane.
B) The dye will be on the outer face of the endoplasmic reticulum, on the outer face of the Golgi apparatus, and on the intracellular face of the plasma membrane.
Which of the following accurately represents how intermediate filaments differ from actin filaments and microtubules?
A) Only intermediate filaments are composed of the same protein subunits in all cells.
B) Only intermediate filaments play a purely structural role.
C) Only intermediate filaments are polar, with plus and minus ends.
D) Only intermediate filaments associate with motor proteins.
B) Only intermediate filaments play a purely structural role.
The mixing of purified microtubules with transport vesicles and ATP does not result in movement of the vesicles. Why?
A) Kinesin is missing.
B) Intermediate filaments are missing.
C) Actin is missing.
D) Glucose is missing.
A) Kinesin is missing.
What do myosin, dynein, and kinesin all have in common?
A) They are all intermediate filament proteins.
B) They are all involved in moving cargo along microtubules.
C) They all hydrolyze ATP to provide energy for movement.
D) They are all involved in flagellar bending.
C) They all hydrolyze ATP to provide energy for movement.
