Chapter 7: How Do We Study the Brain's Structure and Functions? Flashcards
Neuropsychology and behavior
- Brain function and behavior
- includes noninvasive imaging
Behavioral Neuroscience
Study of biological bases of behavior
- humans and laboratory animals
- develop methods for studying normal and abnormal behavior
Corsi Block-tapping test (test of human memory)
Short-term recall of spatial positions
Mirror drawing task (test of human memory)
procedural memory- adjust motor output
Recent memory task
guessing possible with n familiarity of the images
Brain Lesions
- find location of memory in the brain
- Karl Lashley
Stereotaxic apparatus
Electrolytic Lesion
- electrode lowered into the brain at specific stereotactic coordinates
- Current passes through electrode and destroys tissue (neurons and fibers) in the region
Compensation
neuroplastic ability to modify behavior from that used prior to the damage
Brain Stimulation
cortex+cortex attachment injured by stroke = improvement in motor behaviors
Deep-Brain Stimulation
electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior
- use for Parkinson’s depression, OCD
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Magnetic coil is placed over the skull to stimulate the underlying brain
- to induce or disrupt ongoing behavior
- passes through skull and causes neurons in the cerebral cortex to depolarize and fire
Drug Manipulations
Brains activity can be modified
effects wear off as the drug to specific brain structures
Optogenetics
embedded onto cells
combines genetics and light to control targeted cells in living tissue
- light activated
Optogenetics: ChR2
When exposed to blue light , ion channels open and depolarizes causing excitation
Optogenetics: NpHR
green yellow light activates a Cl pum, hyperpolarize the neuron and causing inhibition
