Chapter 7 - Hearing, Language, and Lateralization

Question 1

Arcuate fasciculus

Answer 1

bridge like system in which the information from Wernicke’s area is transported to Broca’s area

Question 2

Auditory Ossicles

Answer 2

malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 3

Basilar membrane

Answer 3

the membrane in the cochlea that sits above the scala timpani which vibrates against the organ of Corti which triggers the hair cells to fire

Question 4

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 4

a person is able to understand language but have a hard time speaking, reading, or writing.

Question 5

Broca’s area

Answer 5

area in the posterior frontal cortex. area of language production and creating the motor movements for speech.

Question 6

Classical model

Answer 6

model of the connection between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area

Question 7

Cochlea

Answer 7

vibrations make sound. made up of 3 fluid filled chambers where sound waves are converted to fluid waves

Question 8

Conduction aphasia

Answer 8

damage to the arcuate fasciculus which causes someone to not be able to repeat words or phrases that have been heard

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

using language to communicate abstract ideas that are remote in time and space

Question 10

Hair cells

Answer 10

neurons with mechanoreceptors (receptors that mechanically open ion channels). located in the organ of Corti

Question 11

Hemispheric lateralization

Answer 11

hemispheres having different roles

Question 12

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

receptors that mechanically open ion channels

Question 13

Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

Answer 13

gets information from the auditory system (cochlear nucleus to inferior colliculus to MGN)

Question 14

Organ of Corti

Answer 14

contains hair cells and is located between the cochlear duct and the scala timpani

Question 15

Oval window

Answer 15

located as part of the cochlea

Question 16

Productivity

Answer 16

creating novel sentences that can still be understood by someone

Question 17

Split-brain surgery

Answer 17

surgery where the corpus callosum is cut creating 2 separate hemispheres. in the past this was performed as a treatment for epileptic seizures.

Question 18

Synesthesia

Answer 18

seeing colors when you hear things

Question 19

Tectorial membrane

Answer 19

located between the organ of Corti and the cochlear duct, this is what hair cells push against therefore causing them to fire

Question 20

Tonotopic

Answer 20

in the cochlea, lower frequencies vibrate membranes towards the apex whereas higher frequencies vibrate membranes towards the base.

Question 21

Tympanic membrane

Answer 21

the ear drum, this is what sound hits in your ear causing it to vibrate

Question 22

Visuospatial skills

Answer 22

being able to perceive 2 or more objects in relation to each other or yourself

Question 23

Wada test

Answer 23

testing hemispheric lateralization, that language is in fact in your left hemisphere. this is done through anesthetizing one hemisphere of the brain

Question 24

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 24

having a normal talking rhythm but words make no sense (word salad)

Question 25

Wernicke’s area

Answer 25

located in the superior temporal lobe above the auditory cortex. where speech comprehension and creating understandable speech is processed

Question 26

Word salad

Answer 26

basically a jumble of random words

Question 27

Sound is produced through…

Answer 27

compression & rarefaction

Question 28

Human hearing range is between…

Answer 28

50 Hz and 20,000 Hz