Chapter 7 - Global Stratification Flashcards
social stratification
The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group.
slavery
A form of social stratifications in which some people own other people
bonded labor
(indentured service) - A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specific amount of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is enter into voluntarily.
ideology
Beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements.
caste systems
A form of social stratification in which people’s statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth
endogamy
The practice of marrying within one’s own group.
apartheid
The government-approved-and-enforced separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa.
estate stratification system
The stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates; the nobility, clergy, and commoners.
class system
A form of social stratification based primarily on income, education and prestige of occupation.
social mobility
Movement up or down the social class ladder.
means of production
The tools, factories, land and investment capital used to produce wealth.
bourgeoisie
Marx’s term for capitalists, those who one the means of production.
proletariat
Marx’s terms for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production.
class consciousness
Marx’s term for awareness of a common identity based on one’s position in the means of production.
fake class consciousness
Marx’s term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists.
meritocracy
A form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit.
divine right of kings
The idea that the king’s authority comes from God; in an interesting gender bender, also applies to queens.
colonialism
The process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resources.
world system theory
A theory of how economics and political connections developed and now tie the world’s countries together.
globalization of capitalism
Capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) become the globe’s dominant economic system.
culture of poverty
The assumption that the values and behaviors of the proof make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children.
neocolonialism
The economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations.
