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Histology And Embrology > Chapter 7 first week > Flashcards

Chapter 7 first week Flashcards

1
Q

Endocytosis

A

Uptake of materials into the cell

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2
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

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3
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

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4
Q

Exocytosis

A

Expulsion of materials out of the cell by fusing of a vesicle membrane with the cell membrane

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5
Q

What does the cell do

A

It carries out vital processes of absorption,assimilation, respiration, irritability (reaction to a stimulus) conductivity, growth, reproduction and excretion

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6
Q

Common characteristics of a cell

A

Nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and organelles

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7
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surrounds the cell

Composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins

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8
Q

Proteins

A

Structural reinforcements and receptors for certain hormones, neurotransmitters and immunoglobulins(antibodies)

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9
Q

Semipermeable

A

Provides a selective barrier that regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Clear liquid enclosed in the cell by the cell’s membrane
Includes organelles and inclusions and also spaces or cavities called vacuoles
Provides a medium(fluid) in which other organelles function

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11
Q

Organelles

A

Organelles are metabolically active specialized structures within the cell
The organelles allow each cell to function according to its genetic code

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12
Q

What are the major organelles of the cell

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton

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13
Q

Components of the nucleus

A

Nucleolus, chromatin, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope

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14
Q

Production/purpose of nucleus

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) cells genetic information
RNA carries info from DNA to sites of actual protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
“Data bank” for the cell
DNA, RNA contains instruction for everything the cell is and will become. “Command centre of the cell”

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15
Q

Where are binucleated cells found

A

Cardiac muscle cells

Parenchyma liver cells

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16
Q

Where are multinucleated cells found

A

Osteoclasts

Skeletal muscle cells

17
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Highway system for the cell.

It can be classified as rough or smooth

18
Q

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Modification, storage, segregation, and transport of proteins that the cell manufactures

19
Q

Why is the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) rough?

A

Because it contains ribosomes (proteins) on its outer surface

20
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

It lacks proteins contains enzymes involved in manufacturing various lipid molecules, including steroid hormones

21
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A stack of 3 to 20 flattened membranous sacs that is attached to the cell’s membrane and release their content by exocytosis. It is the second largest organelle

22
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Sorts, condenses, packages and delivers proteins from the RER

23
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of he cell
Transforms energy into ATP
Helps balance the concentration of water, calcium, and other ions in the cytoplasm

24
Q

Fibroblast

A

A cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and other fibres

25
Q

Lysosomes

A

“Sewer system” of the cell

Uses powerful hydrolytic and digestive enzymes that it contains to digest substances that enter the cell

26
Q

Where are lysosomes created

A

In the Golgi apparatus

27
Q

Inclusions

A

Metabolically inert substances that are transient over time in the cell
Consist of cellular products that remain in a cell only temporarily
Some examples nutrients such as glycogen lipids and the pigment melanin

28
Q

What does a intercellular tight junction do

A

Closes intercellular space between cells by fusing cell membranes together
Prevents the movement or loss of fluid

29
Q

Where is a intercellular tight junction located

A

Cells that line inside of the small intestine

30
Q

Desmosomes

A

Bond cells together by creating “spot welds” between adjacent membranes

31
Q

Where are desmosomes

A

Cells of the outer skin

Histology And Embrology (4 decks)

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