Chapter 7 first week Flashcards
Endocytosis
Uptake of materials into the cell
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Exocytosis
Expulsion of materials out of the cell by fusing of a vesicle membrane with the cell membrane
What does the cell do
It carries out vital processes of absorption,assimilation, respiration, irritability (reaction to a stimulus) conductivity, growth, reproduction and excretion
Common characteristics of a cell
Nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and organelles
Cell membrane
Surrounds the cell
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins
Proteins
Structural reinforcements and receptors for certain hormones, neurotransmitters and immunoglobulins(antibodies)
Semipermeable
Provides a selective barrier that regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
Clear liquid enclosed in the cell by the cell’s membrane
Includes organelles and inclusions and also spaces or cavities called vacuoles
Provides a medium(fluid) in which other organelles function
Organelles
Organelles are metabolically active specialized structures within the cell
The organelles allow each cell to function according to its genetic code
What are the major organelles of the cell
Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton
Components of the nucleus
Nucleolus, chromatin, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope
Production/purpose of nucleus
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) cells genetic information
RNA carries info from DNA to sites of actual protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
“Data bank” for the cell
DNA, RNA contains instruction for everything the cell is and will become. “Command centre of the cell”
Where are binucleated cells found
Cardiac muscle cells
Parenchyma liver cells
Where are multinucleated cells found
Osteoclasts
Skeletal muscle cells
Endoplasmic reticulum
Highway system for the cell.
It can be classified as rough or smooth
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum
Modification, storage, segregation, and transport of proteins that the cell manufactures
Why is the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) rough?
Because it contains ribosomes (proteins) on its outer surface
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
It lacks proteins contains enzymes involved in manufacturing various lipid molecules, including steroid hormones
Golgi apparatus
A stack of 3 to 20 flattened membranous sacs that is attached to the cell’s membrane and release their content by exocytosis. It is the second largest organelle
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Sorts, condenses, packages and delivers proteins from the RER
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of he cell
Transforms energy into ATP
Helps balance the concentration of water, calcium, and other ions in the cytoplasm
Fibroblast
A cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and other fibres
