Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History & Systems > Chapter 7 - Existentialism > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Existentialism Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following most characterized Rousseau’s utopian society?

A

The surrender of the individual will to the general will

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

According to Nietzsche, the difference between freedom and slavery is:

A

A matter of choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nietzsche believed that the ____ aspect of human nature manifests itself in the desire for predictability and orderliness.

A

Apollonian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hobbes, along with many theologians and philosophers, believed human nature to be ____, whereas Rousseau believed it to be basically ____.

A

animalistic; good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Goethe viewed science as:

A

useful but limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of the stages Kierkegaard suggested for the development of human freedom?

A

aesthetic, ethical, then religious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Schopenhauer stated that we may repress undesirable thoughts into the:

A

unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who viewed life as consisting of opposing forces such as love and hate, or good and evil?

A

Goethe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Goethe viewed ____ as the ultimate source of happiness.

A

liberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did romanticism and existentialism have in common?

A

The importance of subjective experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rousseau believed that education should:

A

stimulate the development of a child’s natural impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At the heart of Nietzsche’s psychology is the tension between:

A

Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to Kierkegaard, God gives humans a way of dealing with the “absolute paradox” with:

A

faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For Nietzsche, the most basic motive for human behavior was:

A

the will to power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nietzsche primarily considered himself a:

A

psychologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to Rousseau, all the governments of his time were based on the faulty assumption that:

A

humans need to be governed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rousseau supported Protestantism because:

A

God’s existence could be defended on the basis of individual feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

According to Kierkegaard, the ultimate state of being is achieved when an individual decides to:

A

embrace God and take God’s existence on faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The book, Emile, was written about education in the form of a novel. Who was the author?

A

Rousseau

20
Q

Nietzsche’s ____ was clearly contrary to Enlightenment philosophy.

A

perspectivism

21
Q

According to Rousseau, an effective government must be based on:

A

the general will

22
Q

The romantic philosophers considered which human characteristic as most important?

A

benevolence

23
Q

According to Schopenhauer, ____ suffer the most.

A

intelligent humans

24
Q

According to Schopenhauer, when the blind, aimless universal manifests itself in a particular organism, it becomes:

A

the will to survive

25
Q

Kierkegaard believed that the existence of God:

A

has to be taken on faith

26
Q

Schopenhauer believed that most people cling to life because:

A

they fear death

27
Q

Schopenhauer anticipated Freud’s concept of ____ when he said that we could at least partially escape the irrational forces within us by immersing ourselves in such things as music, poetry, or art.

A

sublimation

28
Q

Nietzsche believed that the best life reflects:

A

controlled passion

29
Q

According to Kierkegaard, the aesthetic stage consists of which of the following?

A

People are open to experiences and seek out many forms of pleasure, but they do not recognize their ability to choose.

30
Q

According to Schopenhauer, the will to survive causes:

A

an unending cycle of needs and need satisfaction

31
Q

According to Rousseau, which of the following provides the optimal condition for learning?

A

A child’s natural interests

32
Q

Rousseau referred to a hypothetical human who is uncontaminated by society as a(n):

A

noble savage

33
Q

Goethe’s idea to embrace the opposing forces present in life had a direct influence on:

A

Jung

34
Q

Nietzsche believed that:

A

people are their own creation

35
Q

According to Kierkegaard, the religious stage consists of which of the following?

A

People accept the responsibility of making choices, but use as their guides ethical principles established by others.

36
Q

The statement, “Man is born free and yet we see him everywhere in chains” is associated with:

A

Rousseau

37
Q

Nietzsche believed that many human problems would be solved if:

A

every individual strives to be all that he or she could be

38
Q

Kierkegaard and Nietzsche had what in common?

A

A criticism of the organized church and science

39
Q

Aesthetic attitudes and principles based on the culture, art, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restrained emotion

A

Classicism (Neoclassicism)

40
Q

Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th CE and stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions

A

Romanticism

41
Q
  • Said that the goal of life was to embrace opposing forces
  • Wrote Faust
  • Interested in color perception, anatomy, botany
A

Goethe

42
Q
  • Said that impulses of the heart should guide behavior, not reason and logic
  • Noble Savage: society corrupts and interferes with natural goodness
  • The Social Contract: said that there was a common good, and that there is a trade off between personal gain and common good
  • View on education: should be a free, open process; take adv of natural curiosity
  • Elements of self-actualization
A

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1788)

43
Q
  • The will to survive: the way to survive is to satisfy our needs
  • Primary motive = self-preservation
  • Intelligence leads to suffering
  • “All willing springs from lack; all willing stems from suffering”
  • Common to compare this philosopher and Freud
A

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)

44
Q
  • Thought Hegel was too abstract to be of use
  • Essence of humanity = individual uniqueness
  • Have an existential choice to choose aesthetic style (gratifying pleasures) or ethical style (neither is better/worse); this choice is a leap of faith
  • Either/Or details this choice
  • Truth is subjective, an objective uncertainty, basically constitutes something you’re passionate about
A

Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

45
Q
  • Critical of Schopenhauer
  • Tension between Apollonian (rationality, predictability, orderliness) and Dionysian (irrational, chaotic, passionate) natures
  • “God is dead; and we have killed him with science”
  • Humans as irrational; but the ubermensch is one who has allowed the will to power to run free in him
  • There is a struggle for superiority, growth, and expansion
A

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900)

History & Systems (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions