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Ecology ME! > Chapter 7: Evolution and Adaptation > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Evolution and Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

The process of evolution depends on ___________ ___________________

A

Genetic variation

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2
Q

Can evolution occur without genetic variation?

A

No

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3
Q

_________________ ________ is a molecule composed of two strands of nucleotides that are wound together into a shape known as a double helix

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

________________ are compact structures consisting of long strands of DNA wound around proteins

A

Chromosomes

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5
Q

In a ___________ _________ or ____________ distribution, there is a symmetrical distribution of values around the mean

A

Bell curve

Normal distribution

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6
Q

__________________ are alternate forms of a particular gene

A

Alleles

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7
Q

How do new alleles develop?

A

Via mutation

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8
Q

________________ refers to a single trait affects by several genes

A

Polygenic

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9
Q

What is pleiotropy?

A

When a single gene affects multiple traits

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10
Q

________________ refers to a process wherein the expression of one gene controls that of another gene

A

Epistasis

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11
Q

What are three examples of epistasis in humans?

A

(1) Red hair
(2) Albinism
(3) Alzheimer’s disease

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12
Q

________________ refers to an individual who has two different alleles of a particular gene

A

Heterozygous

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13
Q

_______________ refers to an individual who has two identical alleles of a particular gene

A

Homozygous

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14
Q

_____________ arises when two alleles both contribute to a third or blended phenotype

A

Codominance

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15
Q

What’s a common example of codominance?

A

Pink snapdragons

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16
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

An allele that masks the expression of the other allele of a given gene

17
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

An allele whose expression is masked by the presence of another allele

18
Q

What is a gene pool?

A

The collection of alleles from all individuals in a population

19
Q

_____________ _______________ is the combination of alleles of those possessed by the diploid parent in a given gamete

A

Random assortment

20
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A random change in the sequence of nucleotides in regions of DNA that either comprise a gene or control the expression of a gene

21
Q

__________________ refers to the reshuffling of genes that can occur as DNA is copied during meiosis and chromosomes exchange genetic material

A

Recombination

22
Q

Recombination can lead to ____________ _____________, which is required for evolution to occur

A

Genetic variation

23
Q

Evolution can occur at _______________ or through _______________

A

Random

Selection

24
Q

________________ _____________ is a process that occurs when genetic variation is lost because of random variation in mating, mortality, fecundity, and inheritance

A

Genetic drift

25
Q

Genetic drift is also called ______________ ______________

A

Neutral selection

26
Q

Does genetic drift act more strongly on a small or large population?

A

A small population

27
Q

What is a deme?

A

A subpopulation, a smaller group within a population, that can freely interbreed

28
Q

What is the bottleneck effect?

A

A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population and thus a loss of genetic variation due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts or human activities such as genocide and human population planning.

29
Q

What are two ways in which genetic drift may occur?

A

Bottleneck effect

Founder effect

30
Q

The ____________ _____________ is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

A

Founder effect

31
Q

What plant discussed in class spread in the United States as a result of the founder effect?

A

Eichhornia crassipes

The water hyacinth

Ecology ME! (6 decks)

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