Chapter 7-Earthquakes And Faults Flashcards
The shaking or the trembling of the earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin
Earthquake
Where earthquakes happen
Earthquakes happen along tectonic plate bounderies or along active faults
How earthquakes happen
Earthquakes occurs because energy from rocks in the earth’s crust is released, not because the rocks are shaking as they are pushed or pulled
States that the outer layer of earth’s surface consists of huge segments called tectonic plates
Theory of plate tectonics
States that earth once consisted of a vast supercontinent called pangaea which later broke into several fragments or continents
Continental drift theory
Who proposed the continental drift theory?
Alfred Wegener
States that the seafloor has been moving apart.
Seafloor spreading theory
Who proposed the seafloor spreading theory?
Harry Hess
Cause the movement of tectonic plates. Can be tensional or compressional
Convention current
Occurs when one convention current moves clockwise in adjacent but separate areas,tending to pull the lithosphere above it in opposite directions
Tensional movement
A narrow,deep part of the lithosphere
Trench
PHIVOLCS
Philipinne institute of volcanology and seismology
3 types of faults
Dip slip fault
Strike slip fault
Oblique slip fault
The movement is up or down and parallell to the dip of inclined fault surface
Dip slip fault
The movement or slip is horizontal and parallell to the strike of the fault
Strike slip fault
Has both strike slip and dip slip displacements
Oblique slip fault
Earthqakes caused bu sudden displacements along fault fissures in the solid and rigid layers of the earth are called?
Tectonic earthquakes
Refers to the immediate area where the displacement of the earth takes place
Hypocenter
On earth’s surface directly above the focus is the?
Epicenter
It measures how strong an earthquake was felt in a certain locality or area
Intensity
A type of seismic wave that travels only through earth’s surface is called a?
Surface wave
The study of seismic phenomena
Seismology
Refers to the downward movement of soil or rock
Landslides
Is a deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault plane with earth’s surface
Ground rupture
Are giant sea waves caused by undersea
Tsunamis
What to do during an earthquake
Duck cover and hold
Watch out for falling objects
Keep calm and do not panic
Keep away from glass windows and heavy shelves
Is the scientific field concerned with protecting society as well as the natural and man made environment from earthquakes
Earthquake engineering
Major tectonic plates
Pacific plate, indo Australian plate, south american plate, african plate, antartic plate, eurosian plate
Minor tectonic plates
Philippine sea plate. Carribbean plate. Arabian plate. Cocos plate. Indian plate
