Chapter 7: DNA Structure & Gene Function Flashcards
What is DNA?
What does it do?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Stores information that the cell needs to produce proteins
What scientists showed that DNA contained genetic information?
Hershey and Chase
Define nucleotide.
Building block of a nucleic acid
DNA is a double helix?
True or False.
True
Who are credited with the discovery of the X Ray image?
Who helped?
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin
What is a nucleotide made of?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and 5 carbon sugar
Hydrogen bonds connect nucleotides in complementary DNA strands
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Chromatin= ______
Chromosome=_____
Loose DNA
Supercoiled DNA
What type of protein transfers amino acids and has anticodon?
tRNA
DNA > mRNA=
Transcription
rRNA+ rRNA=
Ribosomes
mRNA has codon and 3 nucleotides
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Define genome
Genetic material in its cells that consist of one circular DNA
What is Central Dogma
DNA > RNA > Proteins
DNA to DNA
A-U C- G G-C T-A A-U
RNA
A-U
C-G
G-C
U-A
DNA
A-T
G-C
T-A
C-G
Define Codon.
3 nucleotide sequence that encode one amino acid
TRNA
Translate genetic code using anticodon
Transcription
Produces a messenger rNA molecule
Nucleus
DNA
RNA
Translation
Information in the messenger RNA to make protein
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Protein
Gene
Sequence of encodes a specific protein
Who are credited with the discovery of the X Ray image?
Who helped?
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin
What is a nucleotide made of?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and 5 carbon sugar
Hydrogen bonds connect nucleotides in complementary DNA strands
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Chromatin= ______
Chromosome=_____
Loose DNA
Supercoiled DNA
What type of protein transfers amino acids and has anticodon?
tRNA
DNA > mRNA=
Transcription
rRNA+ rRNA=
Ribosomes
mRNA has codon and 3 nucleotides
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Define genome
Genetic material in its cells that consist of one circular DNA
What is Central Dogma
DNA > RNA > Proteins
DNA to DNA
A-U C- G G-C T-A A-U
RNA
A-U
C-G
G-C
U-A
DNA
A-T
G-C
T-A
C-G
Define Codon.
3 nucleotide sequence that encode one amino acid
TRNA
Translate genetic code using anticodon
Transcription
Produces a messenger rNA molecule
Nucleus
DNA
Rna
Translation
Information in the messenger rna to make protein
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Protein
Gene
Sequence of encodes a specific protein
How is mRNA modified before it leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
Introns are removed and stay “in” the cell, exons exit
DNA > RNA sequence:
AGTCTT
UCAGAA
Where in the cell does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm at the ribosome
Transcription happens in the nucleus.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
There are 20 amino acids in human cells.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Define point mutation.
Changes one or few base pairs in a gene
Define Frameshift and Wildtype
Mutations affect multiple codons
What are the 3 types of mutations?
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
