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Biology 111 > Chapter 7: DNA Structure & Gene Function > Flashcards

Chapter 7: DNA Structure & Gene Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA?

What does it do?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Stores information that the cell needs to produce proteins

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2
Q

What scientists showed that DNA contained genetic information?

A

Hershey and Chase

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3
Q

Define nucleotide.

A

Building block of a nucleic acid

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4
Q

DNA is a double helix?

True or False.

A

True

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5
Q

Who are credited with the discovery of the X Ray image?

Who helped?

A

Watson and Crick

Rosalind Franklin

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6
Q

What is a nucleotide made of?

A

Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and 5 carbon sugar

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7
Q

Hydrogen bonds connect nucleotides in complementary DNA strands

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Chromatin= ______

Chromosome=_____

A

Loose DNA

Supercoiled DNA

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9
Q

What type of protein transfers amino acids and has anticodon?

A

tRNA

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10
Q

DNA > mRNA=

A

Transcription

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11
Q

rRNA+ rRNA=

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

mRNA has codon and 3 nucleotides

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Define genome

A

Genetic material in its cells that consist of one circular DNA

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14
Q

What is Central Dogma

A

DNA > RNA > Proteins

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15
Q

DNA to DNA

A 
A-U
C- G 
G-C
T-A
A-U
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16
Q

RNA

A

A-U
C-G
G-C
U-A

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17
Q

DNA

A

A-T
G-C
T-A
C-G

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18
Q

Define Codon.

A

3 nucleotide sequence that encode one amino acid

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19
Q

TRNA

A

Translate genetic code using anticodon

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20
Q

Transcription

A

Produces a messenger rNA molecule

Nucleus
DNA
RNA

21
Q

Translation

A

Information in the messenger RNA to make protein

Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Protein

22
Q

Gene

A

Sequence of encodes a specific protein

23
Q

Who are credited with the discovery of the X Ray image?

Who helped?

A

Watson and Crick

Rosalind Franklin

24
Q

What is a nucleotide made of?

A

Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and 5 carbon sugar

25
Q

Hydrogen bonds connect nucleotides in complementary DNA strands

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

26
Q

Chromatin= ______

Chromosome=_____

A

Loose DNA

Supercoiled DNA

27
Q

What type of protein transfers amino acids and has anticodon?

A

tRNA

28
Q

DNA > mRNA=

A

Transcription

29
Q

rRNA+ rRNA=

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

mRNA has codon and 3 nucleotides

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

31
Q

Define genome

A

Genetic material in its cells that consist of one circular DNA

32
Q

What is Central Dogma

A

DNA > RNA > Proteins

33
Q

DNA to DNA

A 
A-U
C- G 
G-C
T-A
A-U
34
Q

RNA

A

A-U
C-G
G-C
U-A

35
Q

DNA

A

A-T
G-C
T-A
C-G

36
Q

Define Codon.

A

3 nucleotide sequence that encode one amino acid

37
Q

TRNA

A

Translate genetic code using anticodon

38
Q

Transcription

A

Produces a messenger rNA molecule

Nucleus
DNA
Rna

39
Q

Translation

A

Information in the messenger rna to make protein

Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Protein

40
Q

Gene

A

Sequence of encodes a specific protein

41
Q

How is mRNA modified before it leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Introns are removed and stay “in” the cell, exons exit

42
Q

DNA > RNA sequence:

AGTCTT

A

UCAGAA

43
Q

Where in the cell does translation occur?

A

In the cytoplasm at the ribosome

44
Q

Transcription happens in the nucleus.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

45
Q

There are 20 amino acids in human cells.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

46
Q

Define point mutation.

A

Changes one or few base pairs in a gene

47
Q

Define Frameshift and Wildtype

A

Mutations affect multiple codons

48
Q

What are the 3 types of mutations?

A

Insertion
Deletion
Substitution

Biology 111 (4 decks)

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