Chapter 7- DNA structure and gene function

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

It stores information that each cell needs to produce proteins. Proteins are chains of amino acids that fold into intricate, three-dimensional shapes.

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

ribonucleic acid

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

Building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A section of DNA; a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one or more biological products.

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

A DNA molecule wrapped around proteins

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

All of the genetic material in a cell

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

a cell “rewrites” a gene’s DNA sequence to a complimentary RNA molecule

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

the information in RNA is used to assemble a different class of molecule: a protein

Question 9

DNA to RNA to Protein

Answer 9

(a) Information stored in DNA is copied to RNA (transcription), which is used to assemble proteins (translation)
(b) DNA stores the information used to make proteins, just as a recipe stores the information needed to make brownies

Question 10

Difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 10

(1) It’s nucleotides contain the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
(2) RNA has the nitrogenous base uracil, instead of thymine which also binds with adenine in pairs.
(3) RNA can be single stranded unlike DNA
(4) RNA can catalyze chemical reactions unlike DNA