Chapter 7 - communication

Question 1

what are the 4 aims when delivering bad news?

Answer 1

to be:
clear
honset
sensitive
use overt empathy

Question 2

what are the four components of empathy?

Answer 2

attending - exploring and making an appraisal of the cause
understanding - noticing the suffering or distress of others
empathising - a felt relation with the others distress
helping - taking intelligent (thoughtful and appropriate) action to help relieve the other persons suffering

Question 3

what are some models of communication?

Answer 3

sage and thyme
Calgary Cambridge
spikes

Question 4

what is the calgary Cambridge mode?

Answer 4

guides the clinical through a clear and overt structure to a consultation assessment:

1) initiating the session - preparation, establish rapport, identify reason for the consultation
2) gathering information - exploration of the patients problems to discover biomedical and patient perspective
3) physical examination
4) explanation and planning -shared decision making
5) closing the session - appropriate point of closure and forward planning

Question 5

what is the SPIKES model?

Answer 5

model to aid breaking bad news:

Set up - private space, no interruptions, consider who should be there, build rapport and review agenda
Perception - check understanding, information gaps + expectations, correct any misunderstandings + define current role/goal
Invitation - explore how much information the patient may want to know and acknowledge that may change over time
Knowledge - forecast what is to come, share information in chunks, avoid jargon, check understanding
Emotions - explore emotions, acknowledge empathetically, validate emotions, promote sense of support
Summarise - discuss future treatment options, check understanding and review next steps