Chapter 7 - Chapter 11 Flashcards
It is easier for glucose to pass through the plasma membrane unassisted than it is for carbon dioxide. T or F?
False
If a K+ channel opens, K+ ions move from inside the cell to outside the cell following the concentration gradient. This is an example of
Facilitated diffusion
In class we viewed several slides that displayed a membrane potential. What kind of charge is the resting membrane potential and how is that beneficial to the cell?
A negative internal charge, helps to attract positively charged ions into the cell
Bulk transport occurs by
Exocytosis and Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents
Endocytosis
the cell takes in macromolecules by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane
3 types of endocytosis
1) Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”)
2) Pinocytosis (“cellular drinking”)
3) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Isotonic solution
Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane
Hypertonic solution
Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; the cell loses water
Hypotonic solution
Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water
Membrane potential
the voltage difference across a membrane (all cells)
An anabolic pathway uses energy to build products. T or F
True
Suppose a cell wanted to run a reaction with delta G = 45.
Which option would allow the reaction to occur?
Selected Answer:
It could be paired with a reaction with delta G = -49
Answers:
It must be paired with a reaction with a delta G of greater than 45
It could be paired with a reaction with delta G = -49
It could be paired with a reaction with delta G = -15
Any of these would work because the original reaction is exergonic and spontaneous.
It could be paired with a reaction with delta G = -49
An allosteric inhibitor is noncompetitive because
it binds to a region of the enzyme outside the active site
How many NADH does 1 molecule of glucose produce in Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle combined?
8
Glycolysis
inputs: 2ATP, Glucose (6C)
outputs: 4ATP, 2NADH, 2Pyruvate(2C)
Citric Acid
inputs: ACoA (2C)
outputs: 2CO2, 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH2
Pyruvate AGA
inputs: pyruvate (3C)
outputs: ACoA (2C), CO2, NADH
The Citric acid cycle occurs in the
Matrix of the mitochondria
Why is oxygen an important part of this chapter?
You need oxygen to run the electron transport chain
How do fats contribute to energy production?
They can be broken down to produce intermediates for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Which of the following can turn off glycolysis via feedback inhibition?
ATP and Citrate
What is the name of the cycle used to create glucose in plant cells?
Calvin cycle
What are the direct products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen
Identify one similarity between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
They both use internal membranes to create H+ gradients
How is an intracellular receptor different from a membrane receptor?
intracellular receptors bind to ligands that travel into the cell, membrane receptors bind to ligands outside the cell.
Adenylyl cyclase
converts ATP to cAMP
When a G protein is attached to a GTP it is in
the active state
A kinase…
adds a phosphate to a protein
