Chapter 7: Central Dogma Flashcards
What is central dogma?
The flow of genetic material from DNA to RNA to proteins.
What are the parts of central dogma?
- DNA replication
- DNA transcription into RNA
- RNA translation into proteins
What are the 3 key differences between DNA and RNA?
- DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded
- DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil
- DNA lacks oxygen in its 2’ spot, while RNA has oxygen in its 2’ spot (Deoxyribose vs ribose)
What is the RNA chain produced by transcription called?
RNA transcript
RNA polymerase
enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template using ribonucleoside triphosphate precursors
An RNA chain is synthesized in what direction?
5’-to-3’ ONLY
What is transcription?
Process in which RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA sequence
In eukaryotes, which parts of a gene are transcribed into RNA?
A. introns only
B. exons only
C. the protein-coding region only
D. introns and exons
D. introns AND exons
What is true of eukaryotic mRNAs?
A. They are synthesized and translated simultaneously
B. They must always be folded into a complex three-dimensional shape before they can be translated
C. They are subjected to processing only after they are released by the polymerase
D. They are translated after being exported from the nucleus
D. They are translated after being exported from the nucleus
What is mRNA?
messenger RNA or mRNA is an RNA molecule that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
Define a noncoding RNA
an RNA molecule that is the final product of a gene and does not code for protein
Define a promoter
DNA sequence that initiates gene transcription
What is translation?
the process by which a sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule directs the incorporation of amino acids into protein
What is the start codon?
AUG: methionine
How many different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do most organisms have?
one for each amino acid
