Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is Photosynthesis?
They are converting light energy into chemical energy.
What is Cellular Respiration?
When you take glucose and create ATP.
- When cells need energy, for specific method, it must be provided in the more directly usable form of ATP.
- When you release energy needed for all kinds of worrk.
What is Aerobic?
When oxygen is needed.
What is Anaerobic?
When there is no oxygen needed.
What is NADH?
- It is the decreased form of NAD+
- It also accepts electrons in cellular processes.
What is FADH2?
- It is the decreased form of FAD+
- It donates electrons in cellular processes.
What is Active Transport?
It is the movement of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient using membrane-bound carrier proteins and energy from ATP.
What is Sodium-potassium pump?
It is an active transport mechanism which pumps sodium and potassium ions and out of a cell.
What’s the purpose of the pump?
Without the pump the nerve and muscle cells couldn’t function.
What is ATP?
Large-scale motion.
What is The Process of Muscle Contraction?
Includes 2 different protein molecules sliding past each other.
What are the functions requiring ATP?
- motion: causes various specialized fibres within cells to contract causing movement of the cell movements within the cell.
- transport of ions and molecules: causes muscles fibres to contract.
- building molecules - provides the energy needed to form many large molecules.
- switching reactions on or off - alters or changes the shape of a molecule, which alters the function of the molecule.
- bioluminescence - reacts with a molecule called luciferin and oxygen.
What is Glucose?
it is blood sugar
What are some facts about gluocse?
- They have a high energy content.
- They are relatively small.
- Also, they are highly soluble
How much energy content of 1 glucose molecule is converted to ATP?
36%
How much energy is released as heat?
64%
What does aerobic cellular respiration require?
It requires oxygen
What does anaerobic cellular respiration not require?
It doesn’t require oxygen
What is Glycolysis?
It is when you harness energy which glucose molecules are broken into 2 pyruvate molecules.
Another word for “sugar splitting”
What does Glycolysis not need?
It doesn’t need oxygen. Also it an anaerobic process.
Where does Glycolysis take place in?
In the cytoplasm
What are the 10 reactions in glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules are utilized
4 ATP molecules are manufactured
What are the 4 stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
- glycolysis
- pyruvate oxidation
- The Krebs Cycle
- The Electron Transport Chain
What is the Anaerobic Cellular Respiration?
Takes place in the absence of oxygen.
What is Mitochondria?
Round or sausage-shaped organelles that usually scattered throughout a cell’s cytoplasm.
What is Mitochondria Matrix?
Protein-rich liquid which fills the innermost space of a mitochondrion.
What is Intermembrane Space?
Fluid-filled space among the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
What are the 2 processes that eukaryotes use?
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Alcohol Fermentation
What is Alcohol Fermentation?
The form of fermentation happening in yeast in which NADH passes it hydrogen atoms to acetadehyde, generating carbon dioxide, ethanol and NAD+.
What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?
A form or shape of fermentation happening in animal cells in which NADH transports its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate, regenerating NAD+ and lactic acid.
What is Maximum Oxygen Consumption VO2 max?
It’s a measure of a body’s capacity to generate the energy needed for physical activity.
What is Lactic Acid Threshold?
It’s the value of exercise intensity at which blood lactic acid concentration starts to increase sharply.
What is Electron Transport?
it releases relatively large amounts of energy.
What is used to pump H+ ions
Energy gone by the electron pair during the electron transport.
