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Patricia <333 > Chapter 7: Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

1) All living things are composed of cells.
2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3) New cells are produced from existing cells..

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2
Q

Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells.

A

Organelles

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3
Q

What are the two major parts of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Nucleus and cytoplasm

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4
Q

The portion of the cell outside the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of the cells.
Dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow materials to move in and out of the nucleus.

A

Nuclear Envelope

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6
Q

Granular material in the nucleus.

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

When cell divides chromatin condenses to what?

Thread like structure that contain genetic information.

A

chromosomes

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8
Q

A small dense region in the nuclei.

Where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

A

Nucleolus

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9
Q

Small particles of RNA and protein found in the cytoplasm. They produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus. “Little factories” of cells.

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with the proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and soft ER doesn’t

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11
Q

Stacked of apposed membranes that modify, sort, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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12
Q

Small organelles filled with enzymes that digest or breakdown lipid carbohydrates and proteins into small molecule that can be used by the rest of the cell. This organelle also has the vital function of removing junk that might otherwise clutter up the cell.

A

Lysosomes

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13
Q

Saclike structures that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

A

Vacuoles

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14
Q

Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplast

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16
Q

A supporting structure that also helps organize the cell. A network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

Cytoskeleton

17
Q

Threadlike structures made of proteins.

Helps cell move.

A

Microfilaments

18
Q

Thin flexible barrier around the cell.

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support

A

Cell Membrane

19
Q

Strong supporting layer around the cell’s membrane to provide support and protection.

A

Cell wall

20
Q

The composition of a cell membrane that is has two layers of sheet. This gives the cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.

A

lipid bilayer

21
Q

Mass of the solute in a given volume of solution.

A

Concentration

22
Q

When particles from a concentrated area move to less concentrated area.

A

Diffusion

23
Q

When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system the system has reached?

A

Equilibrium

even when equilibrium particles don’t stop moving but the concentration of the system doesn’t change anymore

24
Q

The diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

25
Q

The concentration inside and outside of the cell is the same.

A

Isotonic

26
Q

The concentration outside the cell is higher than the cell.

A

Hypertonic

27
Q

The concentration inside the cell has is lower than the cell.

A

Hypotonic

28
Q

movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

29
Q

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.

A

Tissue

30
Q

Group of tissue tissue that work together.

A

Organ

31
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ system

Patricia <333 (3 decks)

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