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Dental Anatomy > Chapter 7 cells > Flashcards

Chapter 7 cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell

A

smallest unit of organization in the body can form functions without the aid of other cells.

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2
Q

What is tissue

A

cells with similar characteristics of form and function group together to form a tissue.

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3
Q

exocytosis

A

an active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment occurs when there is fusion of a vesicle membrane.

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4
Q

endocytosis

A

The uptake of materials from the extracellular environment.

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5
Q

why do cells reproduce

A

cells in tissue undergo division to reproduce and replace the dead tissue cells. As a result two identical daughter cells are formed.

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6
Q

how cells interact with the
extracellular environment

A

exocytosis and endocytosis
( active transport)

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7
Q

phagocytosis

A

The engulfing and digesting of solid waste and foreign material through enzymatic breakdown.

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8
Q

Organelles

A

metabolically active specialized structures that allow each cell to function according to its genetic code.

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9
Q

ribosomes

A

produced in the nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules and are assembled in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

lysosomes

A

produced by golgi complex they digest waste and foreign material in and around the cell.

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11
Q

golgi complex

A

takes in modified proteins from the ER for subsequent segregation,
packaging, and
transport of protein compounds

The Golgi complex was first described in 1898 by an Italian anatomist named Camillo
Golgi.

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12
Q

vacuoles

A

spaces and cavities within a cell

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

modifies proteins for the cell
can be either smooth or rough based on the absences (smooth) or presence of ribbosomes (rough)giving them both a different outer texture and differnt functions.

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

-Most numerous in the cell
-considered the power station
-they are a major source for adosine triphosphate (ATP)
-site of many metabolic reactions

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15
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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16
Q

centrosome

A

contains 2 cylinder centrioles.
always near the nucleus
forms mitotic spindles

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17
Q

intercellular junctions

A

joins cells in tissues
disc shpaed

18
Q

desmosome

A

forms intercellular junctions

19
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

a intercellular junction that connects a cell to a non-cellular structure (enamel of a tooth)
has tonofilaments on one side.

20
Q

cytoplasm

A

includes the semifluid part contained within the cell membrane as well as the cytoskeleton. it contains structures and cavities

21
Q

nucleus

A

-largest and most dense
-found in all cells except mature red blood cells
-most have a single nucleus but some are multinucleated like osteoclast.
-the main nucleic acid in the nucleoplasm is DNA in the form of chromatin.

22
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounds the cell to keep the organelles inside. made of a phospholipid bilayer made of phospholipids and proteins

23
Q

components of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

24
Q

chromosomes

A

concentrations of chromatin in a dividing nucleus

25
Q

microfilaments and microtubules consist of specialized

A

proteins

26
Q

DNA in the nucleus is in the form of

A

chromatin

27
Q

chromatin condense into

A

chromosomes during prohase of mitosis

28
Q

centromere

A

clear constricted middle of two daughter chromosome

29
Q

chromatids

A

two daughter chromosomes joined by a centromere.

30
Q

in cellular division chromatin condense into

A

chromosomes

31
Q

nucleolus

A

center of the nucleus
most produces r RNA and the nucleotides of the two other types of RNA

32
Q

DNA contains

A

adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine

33
Q

nucleoplasm

A

contains important molecules used in the construction of ribosomes and nucleic acid.

34
Q

cilia

A

short numerous projections

35
Q

flagella

A

long few projections

36
Q

intermediate filaments

A

thicker thread like microscopic structure within the cytoplasm

37
Q

tonofilaments

A

a intermediate filaments

38
Q

Interphase

A

DNA is replicated
cells engage in growth,metabolism,organelle replacement,substance production

39
Q

prophase

A

chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

replicated centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell

nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate

40
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes centromeres align in the middle

41
Q

anaphase

A

centromeres split and each chromosomes separates into two chromatids

chromatids migrate to opposite ends of the poles by mitotic spindles.

42
Q

telophase

A

The division of two daughter cells occur with nuclear membranes reappearing.

Dental Anatomy (4 decks)

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