Chapter 7 - Cell structure and Function

Question 1

What is the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

A flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer 2

Plasma Membrane

Question 3

Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions.

Answer 3

Organelle

Question 4

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Answer 4

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 5

Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons. In eukaryotic cells.

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

A cell with no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 6

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 7

Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell

Answer 7

Selective Permeability

Question 8

Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside

Answer 8

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

Protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane

Answer 9

Transport protein

Question 10

A plasma membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer

Answer 10

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 11

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 11

DIffusion

Question 12

Condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials.

Answer 12

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 13

Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins.

Answer 13

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 14

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 14

Osmosis

Question 15

Solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water

Answer 15

Isotonic Solution

Question 16

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis

Answer 16

Hypotonic Solution

Question 17

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis

Answer 17

Hypertonic Solution

Question 18

Energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient

Answer 18

Active Transport

Question 19

Energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell

Answer 19

Endocytosis

Question 20

Energy-requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane

Answer 20

Exocytosis

Question 21

Semi fluid material inside the cells plasma membrane

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm

Answer 22

Cytoskeleton

Question 23

Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins

Answer 23

Ribosome

Question 24

The site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Answer 24

Nucleolus

Question 25

Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis

Answer 25

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 26

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles, and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.

Answer 26

Golgi Apparatus

Question 27

Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes

Answer 27

Vacuole

Question 28

Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn out cellular substances.

Answer 28

Lysosome

Question 29

Organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules

Answer 29

Centriole

Question 30

Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is a variable to the rest of the cell.

Answer 30

Mitochondrion

Question 31

Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis

Answer 31

Chloroplast

Question 32

In plants, the liquid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides supports and protection to the cell.

Answer 32

Cell wall

Question 33

Short, hair like projection that function in cell movement

Answer 33

Cilium

Question 34

Long, tail-like projection with whip like or propeller motion that helps a cell move.

Answer 34

Flagellum