Chapter 7 - Cell structure and Function Flashcards
What is the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms?
Cell
A flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.
Plasma Membrane
Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions.
Organelle
A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
Eukaryotic Cell
Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons. In eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus
A cell with no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic Cell
Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell
Selective Permeability
Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside
Phospholipid bilayer
Protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane
Transport protein
A plasma membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer
Fluid Mosaic Model
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
DIffusion
Condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials.
Dynamic Equilibrium
Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins.
Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water
Isotonic Solution
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis
Hypotonic Solution
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis
Hypertonic Solution
Energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient
Active Transport
Energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell
Endocytosis
Energy-requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane
Exocytosis
Semi fluid material inside the cells plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins
Ribosome
The site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Nucleolus
Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles, and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes
Vacuole
Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn out cellular substances.
Lysosome
Organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules
Centriole
Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is a variable to the rest of the cell.
Mitochondrion
Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
Chloroplast
In plants, the liquid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides supports and protection to the cell.
Cell wall
Short, hair like projection that function in cell movement
Cilium
Long, tail-like projection with whip like or propeller motion that helps a cell move.
Flagellum
