Chapter 7: Carcinogenesis Flashcards
The process of normal cells becoming cancer cells
Carcinogenesis
Cellular alterations from environmental factors required throughout a persons lifetime. Not inherited.
Somatic pathogenic variants
Cellular alterations acquired from parent to offspring
Germline or inherited pathogenic variants
How many known cancer syndrome are there?
50 and increasing
Genes that code for proteins involved in normal cell growth. When altered, they enable it cancer cell to be self-sufficient and growth. RAS is a common example.
Proto-Oncogenes
RAS is a common proto-onco gene that especially affects which types of cancers?
Pancreatic and colorectal
Genes that control cell proliferation rate. When they stop functioning, they can drive cancer cell growth.
Tumor suppressor genes
RB Gene- a tumor suppressor gene, is commonly associated with which cancers?
Childhood retinoblastoma, and an adults many lung breast and bone cancers
Genes that instruct DNA to repair mistakes in normal cells caused by carcinogens during replication.
Caretaker genes
Ask as a caretaker, genes. When pathogen altered, it loses its ability to activate the caretaker genes leading to increase pathogenic alterations and development of cancer.
Tp53
When a piece of one chromosome moves to another chromosome during cell division. This type of genetic alteration can create oncogenes
Chromosome translocation
Normally located on chromosome 8, when shifted to chromosome 14 results in: over expression of this gene, increase cell proliferation, and blocks the differentiation of B lymphocytes. Commonly associated with Birkett lymphoma.
MYC proto-oncogene
In chronic myeloid leukemia, the BCR gene on chromosome 22 is fused with the a BL gene on chromosome nine this fusion increases tyrosine kindness increasing proliferation of milo cells. What is the common name for this translocation?
Philadelphia chromosome
This drug was created to target the trans location of the Philadelphia chromosome. It targets, tyrosine kindness inhibitors what is the name of this drug?
Imatinib
Name some of the micro environmental factors that are associated with cancer
Tobacco,alcohol, air pollution, processed and red meats, lack of fiber, lack of fruits, and vegetables, diabetes, and hyperglycemia, overweight, lack of exercise, postmenopausal, infection, ionizing, radiation, occupational hazards, reproduction, sun exposure
A change in the chemical structure of DNA that does not change the DNA coding sequence
Epigenetic variant 
A type of epigenetic variant in which a methyl group is added or removed from DNA affecting the transcription of genes
DNA methylation
Inflammatory conditions associated with cancer
Asbestos, bronchitis, cystitis, gingivitis, IBS, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, lichen, sclerosis, chronic pancreatitis, Gerd, Barrett’s esophagus, Hashimoto thyroiditis, skin inflammation, sialadentitis
Non-viral infectious agents associated with inflammation and cancer formation
H pylori , chronic bacterial cholecystitis, liver flukes, schostosomiasis.
Viral infectious agents associated with neoplasms
HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, Epstein-Barr, Kaposi’s sarcoma, PV, HTLV –1
Asbestos is associated with which neoplasm
Mesothelioma, lung carcinoma
Chronic Bronchitis is associated with which neoplasm
Lung carcinoma
Chronic cystitis is associated with which neoplasm?
Bladder
IBS, Crohn’s disease, and chronic ulcerative colitis are associated with what type of cancer?
Colorectal
