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MOD Section II > Chapter 7: Cancer Tables > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Cancer Tables Flashcards

1
Q

Overexpression of the PDGFB proto-oncogene encoding the PDGF-β chain results in what kind of cancer?

A

Astrocytoma

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2
Q

Overexpression of the HST1 proto-oncogene encoding Fibroblast growth factors results in what kind of cancer?

A

Osteosarcoma

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3
Q

Amplification of the FGF3 proto-oncogene encoding Fibroblast growth factors results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Stomach cancer
  • Bladder cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Melanoma
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4
Q

Overexpression of the TGFA proto-oncogene encoding TGF-α results in what kind of cancer?

A

Astrocytomas

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5
Q

Overexpression of the HGF proto-oncogene encoding HGF results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Hepatocellular carcinomas
  • Thyroid cancer
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6
Q

Mutation in the ERBB1 (EGFR) proto-oncogene encoding the EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase results in what kind of cancer?

Amplification of the ERBB2 (HER) proto-oncogene results in?

A

ERBB1 (EGFR): Adenocarcinoma of lung

ERBB2 (HER): Breast carcinoma

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7
Q

Point mutation of the FLT3 proto-oncogene encoding FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor results in what kind of cancer?

A

Leukemia

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8
Q

Point mutation of the RET proto-oncogene encoding Receptor for neurotrophic factors results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • MEN2A and 2B
  • Familial medullary thyroid carcinomas
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9
Q

Overexpression/translocation of the PDGFRB proto-oncogene encoding PDGF receptor results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Gliomas
  • Leukemias
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10
Q

Point mutation of the KIT proto-oncogene encoding the receptor for KIT ligand results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  • Seminomas
  • Leukemias
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11
Q

Translocation/fusion gene formation of the ALK proto-oncogene encoding ALK receptor results in what kind of cancers?

Point mutation?

A

Translocation/fusion gene formation: adenocarcinoma of lung, certain lymphomas

Point mutation: neuroblastoma

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12
Q

Point mutation of the KRAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Colon
  • Lung
  • Pancreatic tumors
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13
Q

Point mutation of the HRAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A

Bladder and kidney tumors

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14
Q

Point mutation of the NRAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A

Melanomas, hematologic malignancies

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15
Q

Point mutation of the GNAQ proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancer?

A

Uveal melanoma

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16
Q

Point mutation of the GNAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A

Pituitary adenoma, other endocrine tumors

17
Q

Translocation of the ABL proto-oncogene encoding Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase results in what kind of cancer?

Point mutation?

A

Translocation = Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Point mutation = Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

18
Q

Point mutation/Translocation of the BRAF proto-oncogene encoding RAS signal transducers results in what kind of cancers?

A

Melanomas

Leukemias

Colon carcinoma

19
Q

Mutation of the NOTCH1 proto-oncogene encoding Notch signal transducers results in what kind of cancers?

A

Leukemias

Lymphomas

Breast carcinoma

20
Q

Translocation of the JAK2 proto-oncogene encoding JAK/STAT signal transducers results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Myeloproliferative disorders
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
21
Q

Translocation of the MYC proto-oncogene results in what kind of cancers?

Amplification of NMYC?

A

MYC = Burkitt lymphoma

NMYC = Neuroblastoma

22
Q

Mutations of the CCND1 (Cyclin D1) proto-oncogene encoding Cyclins results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (Translocation)
  • Multiple myeloma (Translocation)
  • Breast and esophageal cancers (Amplification)
23
Q

Mutations of the CDK4 proto-oncogene encoding Cyclin-dependent kinase results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Glioblastoma
  • Melanoma
  • Sarcoma
24
Q

A (9;22)(q34;q11) translocation affecting ABL (9q34) and BCR (22q11) results in?

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

25
A **(8;21)**(q22;q22) or **(15;17)**(q22;q21) translocation results in?
Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML)
26
A **(8;14)**(q24;q32) translocation is seen in what? What is located on chromosome 8 and 14?
- Burkitt Lymphoma - **MYC** = chromosome **8** - **Ig heavy chain** = chromosome **14**
27
A **(11;14)**(q13;q32) translocation involving CCND1-IGH results in?
Mantle cell lymphoma
28
A **(14;18)**(q32;q21) translocation is seen in? What is located on chromosome 14 and 18?
- Follicular lymphoma - **Ig heavy chain** = chromosome **14** - **B**CL2 = chromosome **18**
29
*APC* encoding Adenomatous polyposis coli protein is an inhibitor of? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Inhibitor of **WNT** signaling **Familial syndromes:** familial colonic polyps and carcinomas **Sporadic cancers:** carcinomas of stomach, colon, pancreas; melanoma
30
*NF1* encoding Neurofibromin-1 which is an inhibitor of? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Inhibitor of **RAS/MAPK** signaling **Familial syndromes:** Neurofibromatosis type 1 (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors) **Sporadic cancers:** Neuroblastoma, juvenile myeloid leukemia
31
*NF2* encoding Merlin which has what function? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Cytoskeletal stability, Hippo pathway signaling **Familial syndromes:** Neurofibromatosis type 2 (acoustic schwannoma and meningioma) **Sporadic cancers:** Schwannoma, meningioma
32
*PTCH* encoding Patched which is an inhibitor of? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Inhibitor of **Hedgehog signaling** **Familial syndromes:** Gorlin syndrome (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, several benign tumors) **Sporadic cancers:** Basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma
33
*RB* encoding Retinoblastoma (RB) protein which is an inhibitor of? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Inhibitor of **G1/S** transition during cell cycle progression **Familial syndromes:** Familial retinoblastoma syndrome (retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, other sarcomas) **Sporadic cancers:** Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, carcinomas of breast, colon, lung
34
*VHL* encoding Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein which is an inhibitor of? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Inhibitor of **hypoxia-induced transcription factors** (i.e., HIF-1) **Familial syndromes:** Von Hippel Lindau syndrome (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma) **Sporadic cancers:** Renal cell carcinoma
35
*CDH1* encodes E-cadherin which is involved in? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Cell adhesion, inhibition of cell motility **Familial syndromes:** Familial gastric cancer **Sporadic cancers:** Gastric carcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma
36
*TP53* encodes p53 protein which has what important function? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage **Familial syndromes:** Li-Fraumeni syndrome (diverse cancers) **Sporadic cancers:** Most human cancers!
37
*BRCA1, BRCA2* encodes Breast cancer-1 and Breast cancer-2 DNA repair factors which have what important function? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Repair of **double-stranded breaks** in DNA **Familial syndromes:** Familial breast and ovarian carcinoma; carcinomas of male breast; chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BRCA2) **Sporadic cancers:** RARE!
38
*MSH2, MLH1, MSH6* encode MSH1, MLH1, MSH6 DNA repair factors which have what important function? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- DNA mismatch repair **Familial syndromes:** Hereditary nonpolyposis colon carcinoma **Sporadic cancers:** Colonic and endometrial carcinoma
39
*WT1* encodes Wilms tumor-1 (WT1) which has what function? Associated familial syndromes? Sporadic cancers?
- Transcription factor **Familial syndrome:** Familial Wilms tumor **Sporadic cancers:** Wilms tumor, certain leukemias

MOD Section II (6 decks)

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