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MOD Exam 2 > Chapter 7: Cancer Tables > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Cancer Tables Flashcards

1
Q

Overexpression of the PDGFB proto-oncogene encoding the PDGF-β chain results in what kind of cancer?

A

Astrocytoma

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2
Q

Overexpression of the HST1 proto-oncogene encoding Fibroblast growth factors results in what kind of cancer?

A

Osteosarcoma

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3
Q

Amplification of the FGF3 proto-oncogene encoding Fibroblast growth factors results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Stomach cancer
  • Bladder cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Melanoma
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4
Q

Overexpression of the TGFA proto-oncogene encoding TGF-α results in what kind of cancer?

A

Astrocytomas

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5
Q

Overexpression of the HGF proto-oncogene encoding HGF results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Hepatocellular carcinomas
  • Thyroid cancer
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6
Q

Mutation in the ERBB1 (EGFR) proto-oncogene encoding the EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase results in what kind of cancer?

Amplification of the ERBB2 (HER) proto-oncogene results in?

A

ERBB1 (EGFR): Adenocarcinoma of lung

ERBB2 (HER): Breast carcinoma

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7
Q

Point mutation of the FLT3 proto-oncogene encoding FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor results in what kind of cancer?

A

Leukemia

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8
Q

Point mutation of the RET proto-oncogene encoding Receptor for neurotrophic factors results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • MEN2A and 2B
  • Familial medullary thyroid carcinomas
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9
Q

Overexpression/translocation of the PDGFRB proto-oncogene encoding PDGF receptor results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Gliomas
  • Leukemias
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10
Q

Point mutation of the KIT proto-oncogene encoding the receptor for KIT ligand results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  • Seminomas
  • Leukemias
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11
Q

Translocation/fusion gene formation of the ALK proto-oncogene encoding ALK receptor results in what kind of cancers?

Point mutation?

A

Translocation/fusion gene formation: adenocarcinoma of lung, certain lymphomas

Point mutation: neuroblastoma

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12
Q

Point mutation of the KRAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Colon
  • Lung
  • Pancreatic tumors
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13
Q

Point mutation of the HRAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A

Bladder and kidney tumors

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14
Q

Point mutation of the NRAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A

Melanomas, hematologic malignancies

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15
Q

Point mutation of the GNAQ proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancer?

A

Uveal melanoma

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16
Q

Point mutation of the GNAS proto-oncogene encoding GTP-binding (G) protens results in what kind of cancers?

A

Pituitary adenoma, other endocrine tumors

17
Q

Translocation of the ABL proto-oncogene encoding Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase results in what kind of cancer?

Point mutation?

A

Translocation = Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Point mutation = Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

18
Q

Point mutation/Translocation of the BRAF proto-oncogene encoding RAS signal transducers results in what kind of cancers?

A

Melanomas

Leukemias

Colon carcinoma

19
Q

Mutation of the NOTCH1 proto-oncogene encoding Notch signal transducers results in what kind of cancers?

A

Leukemias

Lymphomas

Breast carcinoma

20
Q

Translocation of the JAK2 proto-oncogene encoding JAK/STAT signal transducers results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Myeloproliferative disorders
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
21
Q

Translocation of the MYC proto-oncogene results in what kind of cancers?

Amplification of NMYC?

A

MYC = Burkitt lymphoma

NMYC = Neuroblastoma

22
Q

Mutations of the CCND1 (Cyclin D1) proto-oncogene encoding Cyclins results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (Translocation)
  • Multiple myeloma (Translocation)
  • Breast and esophageal cancers (Amplification)
23
Q

Mutations of the CDK4 proto-oncogene encoding Cyclin-dependent kinase results in what kind of cancers?

A
  • Glioblastoma
  • Melanoma
  • Sarcoma
24
Q

A (9;22)(q34;q11) translocation affecting ABL (9q34) and BCR (22q11) results in?

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

25
Q

A (8;21)(q22;q22) or (15;17)(q22;q21) translocation results in?

A

Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML)

26
Q

A (8;14)(q24;q32) translocation is seen in what?

What is located on chromosome 8 and 14?

A
  • Burkitt Lymphoma
  • MYC = chromosome 8
  • Ig heavy chain = chromosome 14
27
Q

A (11;14)(q13;q32) translocation involving CCND1-IGH results in?

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

28
Q

A (14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is seen in?

What is located on chromosome 14 and 18?

A
  • Follicular lymphoma
  • Ig heavy chain = chromosome 14
  • BCL2 = chromosome 18
29
Q

APC encoding Adenomatous polyposis coli protein is an inhibitor of?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Inhibitor of WNT signaling

Familial syndromes: familial colonic polyps and carcinomas

Sporadic cancers: carcinomas of stomach, colon, pancreas; melanoma

30
Q

NF1 encoding Neurofibromin-1 which is an inhibitor of?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Inhibitor of RAS/MAPK signaling

Familial syndromes: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors)

Sporadic cancers: Neuroblastoma, juvenile myeloid leukemia

31
Q

NF2 encoding Merlin which has what function?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Cytoskeletal stability, Hippo pathway signaling

Familial syndromes: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (acoustic schwannoma and meningioma)

Sporadic cancers: Schwannoma, meningioma

32
Q

PTCH encoding Patched which is an inhibitor of?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling

Familial syndromes: Gorlin syndrome (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, several benign tumors)

Sporadic cancers: Basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma

33
Q

RB encoding Retinoblastoma (RB) protein which is an inhibitor of?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Inhibitor of G1/S transition during cell cycle progression

Familial syndromes: Familial retinoblastoma syndrome (retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, other sarcomas)

Sporadic cancers: Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, carcinomas of breast, colon, lung

34
Q

VHL encoding Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein which is an inhibitor of?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Inhibitor of hypoxia-induced transcription factors (i.e., HIF-1)

Familial syndromes: Von Hippel Lindau syndrome (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma)

Sporadic cancers: Renal cell carcinoma

35
Q

CDH1 encodes E-cadherin which is involved in?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Cell adhesion, inhibition of cell motility

Familial syndromes: Familial gastric cancer

Sporadic cancers: Gastric carcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma

36
Q

TP53 encodes p53 protein which has what important function?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage

Familial syndromes: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (diverse cancers)

Sporadic cancers: Most human cancers!

37
Q

BRCA1, BRCA2 encodes Breast cancer-1 and Breast cancer-2 DNA repair factors which have what important function?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Repair of double-stranded breaks in DNA

Familial syndromes: Familial breast and ovarian carcinoma; carcinomas of male breast; chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BRCA2)

Sporadic cancers: RARE!

38
Q

MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 encode MSH1, MLH1, MSH6 DNA repair factors which have what important function?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • DNA mismatch repair

Familial syndromes: Hereditary nonpolyposis colon carcinoma

Sporadic cancers: Colonic and endometrial carcinoma

39
Q

WT1 encodes Wilms tumor-1 (WT1) which has what function?

Associated familial syndromes?

Sporadic cancers?

A
  • Transcription factor

Familial syndrome: Familial Wilms tumor

Sporadic cancers: Wilms tumor, certain leukemias

MOD Exam 2 (9 decks)

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