Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSC2085 > Chapter 7: Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The study of bone

A

Osteology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The functions of the skeleton

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid-base balance
Blood formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened by the deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals

A

Osseous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hardening process of osseous tissue

A

Calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thin, curved plates; most of the cranial bones, the sternum, scapula, ribs, hip bones, etc.

A

Flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The most important bones in body movement; the humerus, radium, ulna, femur, tibia, etc.

A

Long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Approximately equal in length and width, produce relatively limited gliding movements; contained in the wrist and ankles, the patella, etc.

A

Short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bones that do not fit into the other categories: flat, long, or short; the vertebrae, three middle-ear bones, etc.

A

Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Outer shell of dense white osseous tissue

A

Compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cavity that contains bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity or Marrow cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Loosely organized form of osseous tissue

A

Spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The shaft of long bone

A

Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The expanded head of long bone

A

Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The layer of hyaline cartilage where the joint surface of one bone meets the other

A

Articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Minute holes where blood vessels penetrate into the bone

A

Nutrient foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The external sheath covering the bone

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Some collagen fibers of the outer layer penetrate into the bone matrix as _________ .

A

Perforating fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A thin layer of reticular connective tissue that lines the internal marrow cavity, covers all the honeycombed surfaces of spongy bone, and lines the canal system of compact bone

A

Endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphsysis in children and adolescents

A

Epiphyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The spongy layer in the cranium

A

Diploe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchymal cells and give rise to most other bone cell types

A

Osteogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposited

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bone-dissolving cells on the bone surfaces

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tiny cavities in bone tissue

A

Lacunae

26
Q

Slender channels that interconnect lacunae

A

Canaliculi

27
Q

A crystallized inorganic matter that composes about 85% of the matrix of osseous tissue

A

Hydroxyapatite

28
Q

Layers of matrix concentrically arranged around a central canal and connected with each other by canaliculi

A

Concentric lamellae

29
Q

Most compact bone is arranged in cylinders of tissue that surround _________ .

A

Central (Haversian) canals

30
Q

A central canal and its lamellae

A

Osteon

31
Q

Transverse or diagonal passages that join central canals

A

Perforating (Volkmann) canals

32
Q

Lattice of delicate slivers of bone in spongy bone

A

Spicules (rods or spines) and trabeculae (thin plates)

33
Q

Soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone, the spaces amid the trabeculae of spongy bone, and the larger central canals

A

Bone marrow

34
Q

Tissue that produces blood cells

A

Hemopoietic tissue

35
Q

Bone marrow that contains hemopoietic tissue

A

Red bone marrow

36
Q

Bone marrow that contains fat

A

Yellow bone marrow

37
Q

The formation of bone

A

Ossification or osteogenesis

38
Q

Produces the flat bones of the skull and most of the clavicle (collarbone)

A

Intramembranous ossification

39
Q

The process n which a bone develops from a preexisting model composed of hyaline cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

40
Q

Cartilage growth from within, by he multiplication of chondrocytes and deposition of new matrix in the interior

A

Interstitial growth

41
Q

The growth of bone in diameter and thickness; the deposition of new tissue at the surface

A

Appositional growth

42
Q

States that the architecture of a bone is determined by the mechanical stresses placed upon it, and the bone thereby adapts to withstand those stresses

A

Wolff’s law of bone

43
Q

A crystallization process in which calcium, phosphate, and other ions are taken from the blood plasma and desposited in bone tissue, mainly as needlelike crystals of hydroxyapatite

A

Mineral decomposition (mineralization)

44
Q

The critical value a product of calcium and phosphate concentration in the tissue fluids must reach in order to form hydroxyapatite crystals

A

Solubility product

45
Q

Abnormal calcification of tissues; in the lungs, brain, eyes, muscles, etc.

A

Ectopic ossification

46
Q

A calcified mass in an otherwise soft organ such as the lungs

A

Calculus

47
Q

The process of dissolving bone

A

Mineral resorption

48
Q

An enzyme secreted by the osteoclast that digest the collagen of bone matrix

A

Cathepsin K

49
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Hypocalcemia

50
Q

The inability of the muscle to relax; sometimes caused by hypocalcemia

A

Tetany

51
Q

A blood calcium excess

A

Hypercalcemia

52
Q

A form of vitamin D produced by the sequential action of the skin, liver, and kidneys

A

Calcitriol

53
Q

Secreted by C cells (clear cells) of the thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

54
Q

When calcitonin reduces osteoclast activity, so osteoclasts liberate less calcium from the skeleton

A

Osteoclast inhibition

55
Q

When calcitonin increases the number and activity of osteoblasts, which deposit calcium into the skeleton

A

Osteoclast stimulation

56
Q

Secreted by the parathyroid glands

A

Parathyroid horomone

57
Q

The branch of medicine that deals with bone disorders

A

Orthopedics

58
Q

A break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone

A

Fracture

59
Q

A break in a bone weakened by some other disease, such as bone cancer

A

Pathological fracture

60
Q

A procedure in which bone fragments are manipulated into their normal positions without surgery

A

Closed reduction

61
Q

A procedure that involves the surgical exposure of the bone and use of plates, screws, or pins to realign the fragments

A

Open reduction

BSC2085 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions