Chapter 7 - Biomechanics, Physical and Functional Assessment.

Question 1

Routine Medical Lab Tests

Answer 1

Clinical Chemistry Panels 
- Basic metabolic panel 
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel 
Complete Blood Count 
Stool testing 
Urinalysis

Question 2

PEM ( Stress Related Protein Energy Malnutrition )

Answer 2

Under metabolic stress, the body will use protein as nutrient source.

Question 3

Cytokines

Answer 3

Re-orient synthesis of proteins and promote breakdown of muscle proteins to meet demand for protein and energy demands during inflammatory response.

Question 4

Positive Acute Phase Proteins

Answer 4

Regulate inflammatory process and levels based on fluctuate based on tissue injury such as trauma, acute infections, , chronic inflammation, burns.

Question 5

CRP - C Reactive Protein

Answer 5

Inflammatory Biomarkers. indicates when the hyper metabolic period of the inflammatory response wanes.

Question 6

Negative Acute Phase Protein

Answer 6

Plummet during inflammatory stress, injury, and illness.

These are hepatic transport proteins.

Question 7

Hepatic Transport Proteins

Answer 7

1. Albumin - transport of major blood constituents
   - Maintain colloidal osmotic pressure
2. Pre-albumin - transport of thyroid hormones
3. Retinol binding protein ( transport of Vitamin A )
4. Transferrin - transport of Iron to bone marrow for hemoglobin production.

Question 8

Nutritional Anemia ( Symptom, not a disease )

Answer 8

Reduction of erythrocytes per unit blood volume or decrease in hemoglobin relative to physiological need.

Question 9

Classification of Anemia

Answer 9

1. Microcytic - Iron deficiency
   ( RBC Volume < 80 femtoliter)
2. Normocytic - chronic and inflammatory diseases.
   ( chronic conditions, heart failure, cancer, sever tissue injury )
   ( 80- 90 femoliters )
3. Macrocytic - folate of vitamin B12 deficiency.
   ( > 100 femoliters )
   *femoliters ( size of blood cells )