Chapter 7: Bacterial Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genetic information.

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2
Q

DNA Replication

A
  • prior to cell division
  • produces two complete copies of DNA
  • Each daughter cell receives one copy
  • In bacteria, replication is slower than generation time.
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3
Q

Origin of replication

A

Proteins recognize and bind to a specific site on the DNA and form a protein complex

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4
Q

Biodirectional Replication

A
  • 2 replication forks

- Ultimately meet at a terminating site when process is complete

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5
Q

Semiconservative Replication

A

DNA contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

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6
Q

Semicontinuous Replication

A
  • DNA is synthesized only in the 5’-3’ direction.

- Leading strand is synthesized continuously and lagging strand is synthesized as short Okazaki fragments.

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7
Q

DNA Polymerase

A
  • Synthesizes from 5’->3’
  • DNA template strand is needed
  • A primer with 3’ OH
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8
Q

Replisomes

A
  • Complex of several enzymes and proteins that coordinate replication.
  • Works like an “assembly line”
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9
Q

DNA Gyrase

A

An enzyme that relieves strain while double stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.

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10
Q

RNA Polymerase

A
  • Synthesizes in 5’->3’
  • DNA template strand is needed
  • initiates without a primer.
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11
Q

Promoter

A
  • Upstream DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds

- Orientation determines direction of transcription and template strand.

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12
Q

Terminator

A

Where transcription is signaled to end.

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13
Q

Sigma factor

A
  • Part of RNA polymerase hat recognizes and binds the promoter.
  • Important for gene regulation
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14
Q

Processes of Gene Expression

A
  1. Transcription

2. Translation

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15
Q

Quorum sensing

A

How bacteria sense or talk to each other. Chemical signaling.
Ex: biofilms, bioluminescence, virulence.

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16
Q

Two component regualtion

Signal transduction

A

Bacteria cells are able to sense and respond to changes in environment

  1. Sensor protein
  2. Response regulator
17
Q

Operon

A

Genes transcribed as a polycistronic message.

18
Q

3 types of genes based on regulation

A
  1. Constitutive: always expressed
  2. Inducible: NOT routinely expressed.
  3. Routinely expressed.
19
Q

2 mechanisms used to control Transcription.

A
  1. Alternative sigma factors

2. DNA binding proteins (activator/repressor).

20
Q

Quorum sensing

A

How bacteria sense or talk to each other. Chemical signaling.
Ex: biofilms, bioluminescence, virulence.

21
Q

Two component regualtion

Signal transduction

A

Bacteria cells are able to sense and respond to changes in environment

  1. Sensor protein
  2. Response regulator
22
Q

Operon

A

Genes transcribed as a polycistronic message.

23
Q

3 types of genes based on regulation

A
  1. Constitutive: always expressed
  2. Inducible: NOT routinely expressed.
  3. Routinely expressed.
24
Q

2 mechanisms used to control Transcription.

A
  1. Alternative sigma factors

2. DNA binding proteins (activator/repressor).