Chapter 7 and 8 Review

Question 1

What is heredity?

Answer 1

Passing down of traits through generations

Question 2

What happens during prophase?

Answer 2

Nuclear membrane dissolved, centrosomes form and move toward poles

Question 3

What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

Answer 3

Allele=a letter indicated by a trait
Gene=physical trait and a section of DNA that codes for a trait

Question 4

Are Punnet squares exact?

Answer 4

No, they are a prediction of probability

Question 5

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 5

A trait that expresses itself most often

Question 6

What does mitosis produce?

Answer 6

Genetically same cells

Question 7

In what phase does the cell spend most of its time?

Answer 7

Interphase

Question 8

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 8

An unexpressed trait

Question 9

What is codominance?

Answer 9

When both traits are dominant, speckled

Question 10

What is a genotype?

Answer 10

Trait expressed with alleles

Question 11

A cell that has only one set of chromosomes is called?

Answer 11

Haploid cells

Question 12

What happens during interphase?

Answer 12

Chromosomes are produced
Longest phase
Growth phase

Question 13

What does meiosis produce?

Answer 13

4 genetically different haploid cells

Question 14

What is a sex-linked trait?

Answer 14

A trait that comes from the XY but shows up as the X trait because it is stronger

Question 15

What is a diploid?

Answer 15

More than one set of organisms

Question 16

What do halpoid gametes produce?

Answer 16

Zygote

Question 17

What is a phenotype?

Answer 17

Actual trait, physical representation

Question 18

What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes?

Answer 18

Chromosomes are shapes of DNA

Question 19

Who is most likely to carry the sex-linked traits?

Answer 19

Males because they have a X and Y trait and the Y trait is smaller and overpowers the X trait

Question 20

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 20

46 Chromosomes
23 Pairs
Every organism has a different number of chromosomes

Question 21

The DNA in a cell is replicated during what?

Answer 21

Interphase

Question 22

What is the principle of Independent Assortment?

Answer 22

Traits are dispersed and can be assigned at random

Question 23

What is a genotype?

Answer 23

A trait expressed with 2 letters

Question 24

Chromosomes consist of ____________ wrapped around histones

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

What is an example of heterozygous?

Answer 25

Tt

Question 26

What are the human sex organisms?

Answer 26

X and Y

Question 27

What is an example of homozygous?

Answer 27

TT or tt

Question 28

What are the 3 Principles of Mendel?

Answer 28

1. Heredity-passing down of traits through generations
2. Independent Assortment- dispersing of traits
3. Segregation-Only one of the two gene copies present are distributed to each gamete that it makes and the gene copy is random

Question 29

Mendel believed organisms had “factors”, “factors” are now known as__________.

Answer 29

Genes

Question 30

Just before cell division a duplicated chromosome consists of 2 identical what?

Answer 30

Sister chromatids

Question 31

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 31

When traits are blended

Question 32

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

Answer 32

Homozygous is the inherited trait from the parent and heterozygous is the different version of a gene from each parent

Question 33

Unlike sex chromosomes, autosomes do not?

Answer 33

Determine your gender