Chapter 7 and 8: Organic Chem Flashcards
Alkene to alkane
H2
Alkane to Haloalkane
Cl2 or Br2 and UV light
Haloalkane
Haloalkane to Primary Amine
NH3 in Ethanol
Haloalkane to alcohol
NaOH-
Alkene to Haloalkane
HCl
Primary Alcohol to carbocylic acid
Cr2O72- / MnO4- and H+
esterification
alcohol and carboxylic acid
H2SO4
Alkene to Alcohol
H2O and H3PO4 at 300 C
Primary alcohol
alcohol > aldehyde > carboxylic acid
Secondary Alcohol
alcohol > keytone
amine and carboxylic acid
amide and water
Biodiesel
- vege oil or animal fats combined with an alcohol (methanol)
Transesterification
KOH as a catalyst and heat
Obtaining methanol
- glycerol from transesterification as the initial feedstock for producing the synthesis gas.
- Using a catalyst to facilitate the direct conversion of glycerol to methanol
essential amino acids
the body cannot make these, they must be in the diet
Proteins, polymers and monomers
aminoacids, polypeptide chain
condensation = peptide or amide bond
Fats and oils, polymers and monomers
they do not have monomers or polymers, as they are hydrophobic and are non-polar,
hydrolised into glycerol and fatty acids
Carbs, polymers and monomers
monosaccharides, polysaccharides
glycosidic/ ether bond
glycogen
acts a store of glucose in animals
stored in the liver
Starch
- major storage from of glusoce for plants
Starch (amylose) break down
broken down into maltose, maltase then in glucose
Heterogeneous catalysts
in a different state than the reactants and products, are
preferable because they can be relatively easily separated from the products of the reaction,
Renewable feedstocks
Renewable feedstocks refers to raw materials that can be replenished in less time than they are being consumed.
calculating energy to break bonds
- find moles
- how many bonds and what are they, find in the data book, times the right about of energy
- times the moles by total energy
degree of unsaturation
- find moles
- find mole ratio
- find m or I2 / 100g that reacts
cyclohexane
no double bonds
benzene
every second = double bonds
structural isomers
chain, positional, functional
intermolecular
dispersion forces, dipole-dipole attractions, hydrogen bonding
viscosity
resistance to flow