Chapter 7 and 61: Vitamins and alternative therapy Flashcards
what part of ginko biloba do pts with anticoagulants have to look out for?
-the flavones of gingko biloba
-flavones are plants compounds that have mild antiplatelet effects and this can be worsened for pts on anticougulants, increasing the risk for bleeding
what can herbal drugs do?
they can interact with prescribed medications and affect drug action
what does ginseng do?
increase:
-anticougulants
-blood flow
-energy
decreases:
-blood glucose (increasing the effects of insulin and oral hypoglycaemia agents)
-BP
-stress
-sexual dysfunction
-morphine
what does ginko biloba do?
-its an antioxidant
-increases: anticougulants, blood flow and memory
-decreases: anticonvulsants, blood pressure and insulin levels in diabetes
-if taken with tricylic antidepressants it can create a risk for serotonin syndrome
what does black licorice do (not the candy, the ground up root)?
-regulates hormones
-increases: digoxin, aspirin causing GI irritation, steroids effectiveness, potassium loss with laxatives
-decreases: stress and fat
-if taken in large amounts for 4 weeks or more it can lead to increases BP, decreased potassium and heart attack (which can be dangerous)
what do ginger do?
-increase: anticougulants
-decrease: stomach problems, IBS, infammation, nausea
what does garlic do?
-thins blood
-increase: anticougulants, immunity
-decreases: cholesterol
what does feverfew do?
-increases: anticougulants, NSAIDS
-decreases: n/v migraine/dizziness, fever, inflammation, BP and tinnitus
what does valerian do?
-helps with sleep disoders
-increases: CNS depressants
-decrease: anxiety, BP
what does Kava Kava do?
-helps with sleeping problems and relaxes muscles
-increases: adderall, CNS depressants, 5-HTPS
-decreases: anxiety, stress, convulsants
what does st johns wort do?
-increases: appetite, CNS depressants
-decrease: anxiety, depression, insomnia
-do not take with andepressants, as this can lead to increased serotonin levels = serotonin syndrome
what does melatonin do?
-decreases insomnia
-if taken with calcium channel blocker, it can decrease melatonin in the body
-if taken with desipramine and fluoxetine, it can decrease antidepressant effects
what does saw palmetto do?
decreases
-absorption of iron
-BPH
-urinary retention
-noturia and assists with initiation urination
-oral contraceptive
-used for men with prostate cancer (helps with decreasing urine retention)
-has a hormone like effect: avoid in pregnancy, lactation and hormone sensitive cancers
-do not take with finasteride (proscar) as it similar effects
what does tumeric do?
-increases: anticoagulants
-decreases: stomach problems, inflamamation, infection, tumours
-decreases PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) and H2 blockers (increase stomach acid)
what are fat soluable vits and where are they stored?
-k,a,d,e
-stored in liver and fatty tissue
-found in fatty foods and oils
-excessive intake can be harmful
vit a
-aquasol a
-vision, immunity, development of teeth and bones, replacement therapy in lactation, pregnancy, infection
-oral contraceptives can increase serum levels of vit a
-adverse effects: hives, swelling of lips and tongue
-women: 4000 IU
-men:5000IU
vit d
-calcitrol, rocaltrol
-regulates serum calcium levels, promotes mobilization of calcium from bone
-used to treat OP and OM (ostemalacia)
-adverse: dizziness, fatigue, weakness (fwd)
vit e
-aquasol e, tocopherol
-antioxidant (prevents cell damage), protects against blood clot formation, used to treat anemia
-adverse: fatigue, headache, nausea
-contra: bleedings disorders, thrombocytopenia
vit k
-aquamephyton
-helps produce RBC and synthesize clotting factors, used to treat neonatal hemorrohagic disease
-antidote for warfarin overdose
-takes 3-8 hrs to stop bleeding
-adverse effects: anaphylaxis like reaction
-contra: liver/biliary problems (liver is involved in liver)
-80mcg/day
water soluble vits
-found in fresh fruits and veggies
-not stored in the body
-signs of deficiency apear fast
-excess intake not usually harmful
-considered anti stress vits
vit b1
-thiamine
-helps in the metabolism of carbs to energy
-used for beriberi, neuritis and thiamine deficiency anorexia
-helps with the proper funtioning of the heart, NS, and muscles
-adverse: weakness, warming/sweating
-contra/precautions: none if within the RDA
-drug interactions: antibiotics such as erythromycin and azithromycin
vit b2
-riboflavin
-antioxidant, used for txt of beriberi and pellagra, important for RBC production
-cheilosis: noninflammatory disorder characterized by cracks on the lips (caused by deficiency of vit b2)
-if you take in too much vit b2, you’re urine will be bright yellow
vit b3
-niacin
-prescribed to decrease cholesterol and atherosclerotic disease
-pellegra (lack of vitb3 or tryptophan): characterized by dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death. overdependent on corn as a staple food
vit b5
-pantothenic acid
-aids in digestion for carbs, proteins, lipids
-helps convert food into energy
-promotes healthy skin
vit b6
-pyridoxine
-treats vit defiency s/s like n/vs, skin lesions
-decreases diuresis
-decreases effects of levodopa (parkinsons med)
vit b9
-folic acid
-treats anemias and prevents neural tube defects
vit b12
-cyancobalamin
-used for anemia,increasing brain alertness, surgery, GI pathology, tapeworms
-drug interaction: alcohol
vit c
-absorbic acid
-important for synthesis and maintenance of collagen
-helps maintain immune system
-enhances iron absorption
-used to enhance wound healing
-decreases effects of oral anticougulants
-large doses may cause Gi effects (h/v, heartburn)
what are macronminerals vs microminerals/
-macro: inorganic substance, we need at least 100 mg/day for normal function
-micro: inorganic, need 20 mg or less/day
what is the normal adult serum calcium?
2.10-2.50mmol/L
what does the trousseaus and chvostek sign mean?
-in pts with low calcium
-trousseau: observed when the blood pressure cuff is on the upper hand, using involuntary contraction of the hand and wrist
-chvostek: tap in front of the ear, and on the same side there will be a contraction or twitiching
