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EMT > Chapter 7: Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Homeostasis

A

A state of balance or equilibrium within the body

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2
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body is in the standing position, arms at the sides with palms forward

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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5
Q

Superior

A

Top

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6
Q

Inferior

A

Bottom

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment

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8
Q

Distal

A

Farther from point of attachment

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9
Q

Medial

A

Close to the midline

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10
Q

Lateral

A

Far from the midline

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11
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline

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12
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

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13
Q

Supine

A

Lying on your back (face-up)

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14
Q

Prone

A

Lying on your stomach (face-down)

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15
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Supine with legs elevated

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16
Q

Fowler’s position

A

Seated with head elevated and knees bent

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17
Q

The skeletal system

A

Provides shape, allows movement, and protects internal organs

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18
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

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19
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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20
Q

Frontal bone

A

The forehead

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21
Q

Parietal bone

A

Top of head (between frontal and occipital)

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22
Q

Temporal bone

A

Lateral bones (above cheekbones)

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23
Q

Maxillae

A

Forms the upper jaw

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24
Q

Mandible

A

Moveable portion of lower jaw

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25
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheekbones

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26
Q

Nasal bone

A

The nose

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27
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Opening in the occipital bone where brain connects to spinal cord

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28
Q

The spinal column

A

Central supporting structure that protects the spinal cord

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29
Q

Cervical spine

A

7 vertebrae

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30
Q

Thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae

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31
Q

Lumbar spine

A

5 vertebrae

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32
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae

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33
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

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34
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Houses the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and great vessels

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35
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone

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36
Q

Manubrium (sternum)

A

Upper portion of sternum

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37
Q

Body (sternum)

A

Middle portion of sternum

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38
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Inferior tip of the sternum

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39
Q

Shoulder girdle

A

Formed by the clavicle, scapula, and humerus

40
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm

41
Q

Radius

A

Lateral bone of forearm (thumb side)

42
Q

Ulna

A

Medial bone of forearm (pinky side)

43
Q

Carpal bones

A

Wrist

44
Q

Metacarpals

A

Base of the fingers

45
Q

Phalanges

A

Fingers

46
Q

Pelvis

A

A ring-shaped structure formed by three bones (illium, ischium, and pubis)

47
Q

Illium

A

Upper portion of the pelvis

48
Q

Ischium

A

Lower potion of the pelvis

49
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior portion of the pelvis

50
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone

51
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

52
Q

Tibia

A

Medial bone of the lower leg (shinbone)

53
Q

Fibula

A

Lateral bone of the lower leg

54
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Ankle

55
Q

Metatarsal

A

Base of the toes

56
Q

Phalanges

A

Toes

57
Q

Joints

A

Where two long bones come together

58
Q

Symphysis joint

A

A joint with limited motion

59
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

A joint where the distal end is capable of free motion (ex: shoulder)

60
Q

Hinge joint

A

A joint where the bones can move only uniaxially (ex: knee)

61
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle

62
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary muscle

63
Q

Cardiac

A

Heart muscle

64
Q

The respiratory system

A

Provides the body with adequate oxygen, eliminates waste products, and helps regulate pH levels

65
Q

Upper airway

A

Nose, mouth, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and epiglottis

66
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Upper part of the throat behind the nose

67
Q

Oropharynx

A

Area of the throat behind the mouth

68
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

69
Q

Epiglottis

A

Valve that protects the opening of the trachea

70
Q

Lower airway

A

Trachea, carina, bronchia, bronchioles, alveoli

71
Q

Carina

A

Where the trachea branches into the bronchi

72
Q

Bronchi

A

Primary branches leading to the lungs

73
Q

Alveoli

A

Where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

74
Q

Pleura

A

Two thin, smooth layers of tissue to allow frictionless movement

75
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Lines the outer surface of the lungs

76
Q

Parietal pleua

A

Lines the inside surface of the chest cavity

77
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath

78
Q

Residual volume

A

The amount of air in the lungs after completely exhaling

79
Q

Inspiratory or expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air you can still inhale or exhale after a normal breath

80
Q

Minute volume

A

Respiratory rate X tidal volume

81
Q

Endocardium

A

Smooth, thin lining on the inside of the heart

82
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick muscular wall of the heart

83
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of the heart; innermost layer of the pericardium

84
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous sac surrounding the heart

85
Q

Systematic vascular resistance

A

The resistance to blood flow

86
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The blood pressure exerted during contraction of the left ventricle

87
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The blood pressure in between contractions

88
Q

The germinal layer of the epidermis

A

Produces new cells

89
Q

The stratum corneal layer of the epidermis

A

Top epidermal layer and consists of dead skin cells

90
Q

The dermis

A

Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles

91
Q

Newborn vitals

A

Respirations: 30-60 bpm
Pulse: 140-160 bpm
Blood pressure: 70 systolic

92
Q

Infant vitals

A

Respirations: 20-50 bpm
Pulse: 100-140 bpm
Blood pressure: 90 systolic

93
Q

Toddler vitals

A

Respirations: 20-30 bpm
Pulse: 90-140 bpm
Blood pressure: 80-90 systolic

94
Q

Preschooler vitals

A

Respirations: 20-25 bpm
Pulse: 90-140 bpm
Blood pressure: 90-110 systolic

95
Q

School-age children vitals

A

Respirations: 15-20 bpm
Pulse: 70-110 bpm
Blood pressure: 90-120 systolic

96
Q

Adolescent vitals

A

Respirations: 12-20 bpm
Pulse: 60-100 bpm
Blood pressure: 100-120 systolic

97
Q

Adulthood vitals

A

Respirations: 12-20 bpm
Pulse: 60-100 bpm
Blood pressure: 110/70 to 130/90

EMT (6 decks)

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