chapter 7: airway management and ventilation Flashcards
what is the most common site for airway obstruction
pharynx- soft palate and epiglottis
common causes for pharyngeal airway obstruction
vomit/blood
tongue
regurgitation
trauma
foreign body
common causes for laryngeal airway obstruction
oedema from burns/inflammation/anaphylaxis
spasm- airway stimulation/foreign material
cause of airway obstruction below larynx
bronchial secretions
mucosal oedema
bronchospasm
pulmonary oedema
aspiration of gastric contents
extrinsic compression
what signs may be seen in partial airway obstruction
inspiratory stridor
expiratory wheeze
gurgling
snoring
what is seesaw breathing
complete airway obstruction in a patient making respiratory efforts
causes paradoxical chest ( inward movement) and abdomen movement ( outward) when breathing in
signs of complete airway obstruction
see-saw breathing
use of accessory muscles
intercostal,subcostal recession
tracheal tug
signs of complete airway obstruction
see-saw breathing
use of accessory muscles
intercostal,subcostal recession
tracheal tug
how to identify complete airway obstruction in patients with apnoea
no spontaneous breathing movements
failure to inflate lungs during positive pressure ventilation
how should patients with a tracheostomy of permanent tracheal stoma with airway obstruction be managed
remove tube/stoma and replace
ventilate by sealing stoma, put bag-mask/intubate
signs of severe choking
unable to speak
unable to breathe
wheezy breathing sound
silent cough
unconscious
signs of mild choking
able to speak, cough and breathe
how to manage mild choking
encourage coughing
continue to check for deterioration
how to manage severe choking
if conscious- 5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts
unconscious- start CPR
How to give back blows
-stand to side and slightly behind patient
- support chest with one hand and lean patient forward
- give sharp blow between scapulae with heel of hand
- check to see if airway obstruction relieved after each blow
