Chapter 7 - Administering the System Flashcards
in linux, accounts are what?
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data structures and procedures used to identify individual users of a computer
group membership is controlled through which file?
each user has a default or ____ group, which is set in the user’s configuration ____ record
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/etc/group
primary, /etc/passwd
linux tracks users and groups by numers, not by names. what are these numbers?
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user ID
group ID
how many user accounts can be made on a linux machine?
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upper limit is beyond 4.2 billion
what utility do you use to add users?
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useradd
are passwords in linux hashed or encrypted?
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hashed
what’s the command for setting the password?
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passwd
as the administrator, how do you enter a new password for a user?
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passwd username
the usermod has some utilities to it. i will list them, you tell me what they do.
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m - move the user’s file to a new location
d - changes the user’s home directory
l - changes the user’s login name to the specified field
L and U - lock and unlock the user’s password
what command allows you to modify an account’s expiration?
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chage
how do you remove a user and all their stuff?
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userdel -r username
how do you add a group?
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groupadd
what command modifies an existing group’s settings?
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groupmod
true/false: group passwords are common and not considered a security risk.
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false
what does the grep command allow you to do?
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to search through files for particular records
text mode user environments are controlled through what?
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shell configuration files
when you are adding users, useradd copies files from the ____ directory into a newly created home directory
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skeleton
how do you change the log file configuration?
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by configuring the syslogd daemon
what do you use to manually create a log entry (or have a script do so)?
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logger
what do log file rotation tools do?
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they rename and optionally compress the current log files, delete old log files, and force the logging system to begin using new log files
what command is used for rotating the log files?
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logrotate
what does the systemd-journald daemon do?
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its a system service that brings together and stores logging data
how does MaxFileSec determine the rotation schedule?
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uses a time increment
what is the basic journalctl syntax?
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journalctl [options…] [matches…]
there are 2 built-in clocks. tell me what they are.
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the hardware clock
the software clock
what happens if the NTP daemon is running when you issue the ntpd -gq command?
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you will get no warning message or error message, just a prompt back with no time synchronization completed
what is the cron tool responsible for?
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used for scheduling tasks to run at specified times (cron jobs)
tell me about the 2 types of cron jobs
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system cron jobs - run as root and perform system-wide maintenance tasks
user cron jobs - run user programs on a regular basis
true/false: cron jobs run unsupervised. therefore, if a program requires user input, it cannot be a cron job.
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true
what utility do you use to create a cron job?
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crontab
what is the default editor when you use the crontab -e command?
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the vi editor
the anacron utility is controlled through a config file called /etc/anacrontab. this file consists of 3 main line types. tell me what they are.
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comment lines denoted by a leading hash mark
environment variable assignments
job definition records
