Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Computer Science > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are computer ethics?

A

A set of principles that regulate the use of computers; provides laws and guidelines.

It covers:
Intellectual property rights.
Privacy issues.
Effect of computers on society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is plagiarsm?

A

(ethical issue)
Plagiarism is the act of taking another person’s work (ideas, words, images, music) and claiming it as their own.

Softwares are used to check if work is subject to unacceptable plagiarism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is copyright?

A

(legal issue)
Copyright is the ownership of intellectual property.
The law applies to all creative work including music and software use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is software copyright?

A

The intellectual property rights to the software/program.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does it mean when something is copyrighted?

A

You are NOT allowed to copy or redistribute this work!

It is illegal to:
Copy software.
Run pirated software.
Transmit copyright software over a telecommunications line, thereby creating a copy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is it okay to copy a music CD?

A

Only for your personal use.

Never okay to sell or make profit out of it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do people get caught for piracy/copyright infringement?

A

ISP can send out advisory letters to those who download copyright material (from IP address).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is software piracy?

A

The practice of using or making illegal copies of software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Steps to prevent software piracy:

A

When installing original software user needs the supplied unique product key (a string of letters & numbers).
User will be asked to click a button or box which states they agree to the licence agreement before the software continues to install.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A

Federation against software theft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Peer to Peer?

A

Individuals sharing software on the internet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Digital Rights Management (DRM)?

A

Protection software used to control the access to copyrighted material (music tracks, video files e-books, software) or hardware (CD).

How?
Any attempt made to break the copyright protection will create a defective copy which will not work.
Creates restrictions that control what the users can do with the data.
When buying product protected by DRM a key is provided which licences a single user on one device & key must be registered.
Encryption is used to ensure that restriction measures cannot be bypassed by modifying the software.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Commercial software:

A

The software is purchased for a fee if agree to the terms.
Comes with a licence which restricts the number of users – key is needed (e.g. one copy to be used on a single device or multi-use licence for multiple users).
The program code for the software is not provided and cannot be edited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benefits of commercial software:

A

To a company that needs new software:

  1. Support / training is readily available so help can be accessed if needed.
  2. More robust software / fewer bugs as it has been tested more thoroughly/by more users.
  3. Forums will exist for popular software.
  4. Software upgrade path likely to be available (at minimal cost).
  5. Manufacturer develops patches that can be automatically downloaded.
  6. Compatibility is inbuilt for other commercial software.

To a user that wants to create software and to prevent illegal copies:

  1. A commercial licence prohibits unauthorised copies being made and/or distributed.
  2. A commercial licence prohibits any changes to the software.
  3. User can sell the software for a fee and make money.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Open Source:

A

Free of charge for users to run.
The source code is released with the program.
Users can change or adapt it to suit their needs.
Users re-release their version under the same terms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Freeware:

A

There is no charge for the software.
The software could still be copyrighted.
Modification, re-distribution of the software without permission is prohibited.

17
Q

Shareware:

A

The program is free for a trial period.
At end of trial period, users may have to pay or register to continue using the game.
The program may have limited functionality unless user buys the full version.
Users do not have access to the source code and they cannot edit it.
Users may re-distribute the software.

!Copyright laws apply to shareware!

18
Q

How to preven illegal copies of softwares being installed?

A

Use of encryption.
Use of a unique code, (the product key) so it will not install without this.
Limit the number of times that version of the software can be installed.
Set a time limit within which the software must be installed.

19
Q

What is AI?

A

Artificial intelligence.
Machine or application which carries out a task that requires some degree of intelligence when carried out by a human being.
AI duplicates human tasks requiring decision-making & problem solving.

20
Q

Tasks AI carry out:

A

▪ Use of language.
▪ Carrying out calculations.
▪ Recognising a person’s face.
▪ The ability to operate a machine (car, aeroplane, train).
▪ Analysing data to predict the outcome of a future event, such as weather forecasting.

21
Q

What technologies incorporate AI?

A 
▪ Automation.
▪ Machine learning.
▪ Machine vision.
▪ Natural language processing.
▪ Robotics.
22
Q

What are the two AI categories?

A
  1. Weak – designed and trained for a particular task.
    Voice activated systems, may answer your question, obey a program command.
    Can’t work without human interaction.
  2. Strong - AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities.
    It can solve tasks and find solutions without human
    intervention.
    Self driving car (for avoiding for example obstacles –
    pedestrians).
23
Q

Applications of AI:

A 
▪ Smartphones.
▪ Cars.
▪ Social media feeds.
▪ Video games.
▪ Banking.
▪ Surveillance systems.
▪ Autonomous vehicles.
▪ Artificial limb technology.
▪ Drones: used to carry out dangerous or unpleasant tasks such as bomb disposal, welding, or entering nuclear disaster areas.
▪ Climate change predictions
▪ Medical procedures: eye operations where extreme precision is required.
24
Q

Impact of AI:

A

Benefits both businesses and consumers:
▪ Healthcare.
▪ Education.
▪ Finance.
▪ Law.
▪ Manufacturing.
▪ Automation takes over.
▪ More time for hobbies and have a better lifestyle.
▪ Autonomous cars.
▪ Use of AI to sentence criminals and even decide if a prisoner is eligible for parole.
▪ AI may allow closer monitoring of data.
▪ Algorithms for tailor advertising by using AI machine
learning (building personality profiles – data form search engines, social media, website visits).

Drawbacks:
▪ Automation takes over.
▪Million jobs will be lost globally; people will need to retrain or switch jobs.
▪ May not be a good environmental option.

25
Q

AI positive impact on the environment:

A

Can help finding patterns & interconnections, so scientists will be able to make informed predictions (environment & potential climate changes).
Help us to conserve natural resources (improve the conservation of water supplies).
Pollution detection (air & sea).
Allow better predicitons about renewable energy resources.
Monitoring and modelling nature’s ecosystem.

26
Q

The application of AI raises what type of issues?

A

▪ Legal.
▪ Ethical.
▪ Security concerns.

Despite the concerns there are very few regulations governing the use of AI tools.

27
Q

Software Engineering Code of Ethics:

A
  1. PUBLIC - Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest.
  2. CLIENT AND EMPLOYER - Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client, employer and with the public interest.
  3. PRODUCT - Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible.
  4. JUDGMENT - Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment.
  5. MANAGEMENT - Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance.
  6. PROFESSION - Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.
  7. COLLEAGUES - Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.
  8. SELF - Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.
28
Q

What impact does the development of software/hardware have on the public?

A

▪ Cost-related impact
▪ Companies selling software systems which do not meet the required standard for security (inadequate protection against hacking, spyware & other security
issues).
▪ The covering up of security issues.
▪ The release of private data (celebrity photo leaks, when a cloud server was hacked).
▪ Social media not policing subversive activity, such as hate mails & cyber bullying.
▪ Search engines giving results at the top of the search due to donations to the search engine operators.

Computer Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions