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Emt Basic Ch. 7-8-9 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abdominal quadrants

A

4 parts of the abdomen

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2
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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3
Q

Acetabulum

A

Part of the joint the pelvic socket

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4
Q

Acromion

A

Tip of the shoulder girdle(shoulder girdle formed by the clavicle and scapula)

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5
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

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6
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

When carbon dioxide is transported away from the cell and blown off the lungs.

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7
Q

Agonal respirations

A

Occasional gasping breaths that may be seen just before death

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8
Q

Airway

A

The passageway for air from its entry into the body to the lungs and back out again

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9
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs found on the end of bronchi

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10
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

The process of metabolizing glucose without producing much energy

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11
Q

Anatomical planes

A

Imaginary divisions of the body. Used as reference points on the body

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12
Q

Anatomical position

A

All references to the human body assume anatomical position. Standing erect facing forward with arms down at the sides and palms forward.

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13
Q

Anatomy

A

Refers to the structure of the body and relationship of its parts to each other. (How the body is made)

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14
Q

Anterior plane

A

The patients front

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15
Q

Anterior

A

Anterior is towards the front

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16
Q

Aorta

A

The major artery from the heart the aorta lies in front of the spine and passes through the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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17
Q

Aortic valve

A

At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle

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18
Q

Arteriole

A

Smallest kind of artery they are branches from arteries

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19
Q

Artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart

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20
Q

Aspiration

A

When a patients muscles supporting structures of the upper airway may relax resulting in failure of the normal swallowing process and protective reflexes allowing liquid blood vomit or another substance to move past the epiglottis and into the larynx trachea and alveoli

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21
Q

Atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart

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22
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability to generate an impulse on its own even when disconnected from the central nervous system

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23
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

This type of joint permits the widest range of motion-flexion, extension, abduction addiction and rotation

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24
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Mitral valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

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25
Q

Bilateral

A

Refers to both left and right meaning “on both sides”

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26
Q

Blood pressure

A

Is force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries

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27
Q

Brachial arteries

A

Is the major artery of the upper arm. It’s pulsations can be felt at the front of the elbow.

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28
Q

Brainstem

A

Contains the mesencephalon the pons and the medulla oblongata

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29
Q

Bronchi

A

Two main tubes branching off to each lung

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30
Q

Bronchioles

A

Bronchus divided and subdivided somewhat like the branches of a tree.

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31
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

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32
Q

Capillary

A

Tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venule. A capillary has walls that allow for the exchange of gases nutrients and waste at the cellular level

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33
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Special kind of involuntary muscle particularly suited for work of the heart

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34
Q

Carotid arteries

A

The carotid arteries (one on each side of the neck) supply the brain and head with blood.

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35
Q

Carpals

A

The wrist consists of eight bones or carpals

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36
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consists of the brain the cranium and the spinal cord

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37
Q

Cerebellum

A

Also called the small brain the cerebellum is in the posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium. It coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance through impulses from the eyes and the ears

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38
Q

Cerebrum

A

The outermost portion of the brain the cerebrum occupies nearly all the cranial cavity

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39
Q

Cervical spine

A

C1-C7(neck) the first seven vertebrae form the cervical spine which is the most prone to injury

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40
Q

Circulatory system

A

Composed of the heart blood vessels and blood. It is a closed system that transports blood to all parts of the body.

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41
Q

Circumduction

A

A combination of the four preceding motions as is possible with the shoulder joint; conical movement, or movement through 360 degrees

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42
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone

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43
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone. The last four vertebrae are fused together and do not have the protrusions characteristic of the other vertebrae

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44
Q

Combining form

A

Two parts a root and a combining vowel. Every medical word contains combining form.

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45
Q

Conchae

A

Three bony ridges located on the sides of the nasal cavity

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46
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Modified ball and socket joint that permits limited motion in two directions

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47
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

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48
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The coronary arteries are the vessels that supply the heart itself with blood

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49
Q

Cranium

A

Forms the top back and sides of the skull plus the forehead.

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50
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Most inferior cartilage. The only cartilage that forms a complete circumferential ring and it is the most inferior structure that connects with the trachea.

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51
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer of skin is much thicker than the epidermis

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52
Q

Diaphragm

A

A powerful dome-shaped muscle essential to breathing it also separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

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53
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest or between contractions

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54
Q

Digestion

A

Consists of two processes one mechanical and the other chemical.

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55
Q

Digestive system

A

Composed of the alimentary tract(the passage through which food travels) and the accessory organs(organs that help prepare food for absorption and use by tissues of the body)

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56
Q

Distal

A

Distant or far from the point of reference

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57
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back or backbone(spine)

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58
Q

Dorsalis pedis arteries

A

Pulsations of the dorsalis pedis, an artery in the foot

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59
Q

Edema

A

Swelling occurring in the tissues

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60
Q

Endocrine system

A

Made up of ductless glands the body’s regulations.

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61
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin is composed of four layers of cells

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62
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flexible cartilage is attached to the thyroid cartilage and extends superiorly toward the tongue to form a flap.

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63
Q

Esophagus

A

Fibromuscular tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach through a series of contractions

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64
Q

Extension

A

Straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

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65
Q

Extremities

A

Limbs of the body the arms and legs

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66
Q

Face

A

Area between the brow and chin

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67
Q

False vocal cords

A

(Vestibular folds) are superior ligaments covered by mucous membranes.

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68
Q

Femoral arteries

A

Is the major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood

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69
Q

Femur

A

Bone of the thigh or upper hind limb

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70
Q

Fibula

A

Outer and smaller of two bones between the knee and ankle. Parallel with the tibia

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71
Q

Flexion

A

Bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

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72
Q

Fowler’s position

A

The patient is lying on his back with his upper body elevated at a 45 to 60 degree angle

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73
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

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74
Q

Gliding joint

A

Simplest movement between bones occurs in a gliding joint where one bone slides across another to the point where surrounding structures restrict the motion

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75
Q

Glottic opening

A

Space between the true vocal cords

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76
Q

Glottis

A

Space between the true vocal cords

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77
Q

Heart

A

Highly efficient pump is a chambered muscular organ that lies within the chest in the thoracic cavity between two lungs

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78
Q

Hinged joint

A

Permit flexion and extension. Elbow joints have forward movement whereas knee joints have backward movement

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79
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves

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80
Q

Humerus

A

Proximal portion of the arm

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81
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Force exerted on the inside of the vessel walls because of the blood pressure and volume

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82
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Known as shock. The insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to dome of the body’s cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that result from inadequate circulation of the blood

83
Q

Hypopharynx

A

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone at the base of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone at the base of the tongue to the openings of the esophagus

84
Q

Iliac crest

A

Each side of the pelvis forms wings of the pelvis

85
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the feet or below the point of reference

86
Q

Inferior plane

A

Below the waist

87
Q

Integumentary system

A

All various tissues organs and systems that make up the human body are separated from the outside environment by the skin.

88
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Made up of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body through rhythmic wavelike movements

89
Q

Ischium

A

Posterior and inferior portion of the the pelvis

90
Q

Joint

A

Place where one bone connects to another

91
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Portion of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone at the baser of the tongue to the opening of the esophagus

92
Q

Larynx

A

Makes up the anterior portion of the throat and extends from the laryngopharynx to the trachea

93
Q

Lateral

A

Refers to the left or right of the midline or away from the midline of the body

94
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

Knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint

95
Q

Lateral recumbent position

A

Or recovery position the patient is laying on his left or right side

96
Q

Left

A

Mean left

97
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone holds the skeleton together

98
Q

Lumbar spine

A

L1-L5 lower back the next five vertebrae form the lower back they are the least mobile of the vertebrae

99
Q

Lungs

A

Principle organs of respiration

100
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

101
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior portion of the sternum

102
Q

Maxillae

A

Fused bones or the upper jaw

103
Q

Medial malleolus

A

Much smaller distal end of the tibia

104
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline or center of the body

105
Q

Metacarpals

A

Structural strength of the hand

106
Q

Metatarsals

A

Form the substance of the foot. Five of them

107
Q

Midaxillary line

A

A imaginary line vertically from the middle of the patients armpit down to the ankle

108
Q

Midaxillary

A

Center of the armpit

109
Q

Midclavicular

A

Center of each of the collarbones

110
Q

Midline

A

Patient is facing you imaginary lines drawn vertically through the middle of the patients body

111
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Based off the Sagittal plane if the plane divides the body into two equal halves it is referred to as

112
Q

Mitral valve

A

Also known as as bicuspid valve. Between the left atrium and left ventricle

113
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Bony framework or skeleton

114
Q

Nasal bone

A

Bed of the nose

115
Q

Nasopharynx

A

First and most superior part of the pharynx. It extends from the posterior distal ends of the conchae in the nasal cavity to the soft palate

116
Q

Nervous system

A

Controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body

117
Q

Olecranon

A

Part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow

118
Q

Orbits

A

The eye sockets

119
Q

Oropharynx

A

Middle part of the pharynx. It is located behind the soft palate and extends down to the epiglottis

120
Q

Oxygenation

A

Is the form of respiration in which oxygen molecules move across a membrane from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration.

121
Q

Palmar

A

Refers to the palm of the hand

122
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Layer of thicker more elastic tissue covers the internal chest wall

123
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap a small triangular shaped bone

124
Q

Pelvis

A

Doughnut shaped structure that consists of several bones including the sacrum and coccyx

125
Q

Perfusion

A

Delivery of oxygen

126
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Composed of the nerves located out side the spinal cord and brain

127
Q

Phalanges

A

14 bones in the foot that form the toes

128
Q

Pharynx

A

Comprised of the nasopharynx oropharynx and laryngopharynx

129
Q

Physiology

A

Refers to the function of the living body and it’s parts(how they work)

130
Q

Pivot joint

A

This type of joint allows for a turning motion. It includes the joints between the head and the neck at the first and second cervical vertebrae and those in the wrist.

131
Q

Plantar

A

Refers to the sole of the foot

132
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of the blood which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissues

133
Q

Platelets

A

A clotting factor platelets and other clotting factors are essential to the formation of blood clots necessary to stop bleeding

134
Q

Pleural cavity

A

A tiny space with negative pressure that allows the lungs to stay inflated with air

135
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

136
Q

Posterior plane

A

Patients back

137
Q

Posterior tibial arteries

A

Travels from the calf to the foot. Pulsations of this artery can be felt posterior to the medial malleolus(ankle bone)

138
Q

Prefix

A

A word part that comes before a combining form

139
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back

140
Q

Prone

A

The patient is lying face up on his back

141
Q

Proximal

A

Means near the point of reference

142
Q

Pubis

A

Is in the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis

143
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Originate at the right ventricle of the heart carry’s oxygen depleted blood to the lungs where the blood is oxygenated and returned to the heart for circulation throughout the body

144
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

145
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

146
Q

Pulse

A

Or wave of propelled blood can be felt at various points called pulse points

147
Q

Radial arteries

A

Major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint

148
Q

Radius

A

The lateral bone of the forearm

149
Q

Recovery position

A

When the patient is laying on his left or right side.

150
Q

Red blood cells

A

Give blood it’s color carry oxygen to the body cells and carry carbon dioxide away from the cells

151
Q

Renal system

A

Filters and excretes waste from the blood. Has two kidneys two ureters one bladder

152
Q

Reproductive system

A

Women or man consists of complementary organs that can function to accomplish human reproduction

153
Q

Respiration

A

Refers to the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes in and out of the alveoli capillaries and cells

154
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

Site where gas exchange in the lungs

155
Q

Respiratory system

A

Consists of the airway lungs anything to do with breathing

156
Q

Right

A

Right

157
Q

Sacral spine

A

S1-S5 back wall of the palvis

158
Q

Saddle joint

A

The joint is shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes.

159
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Median plan is vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into the right and left segments

160
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

161
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

The patient is lying on his back with the upper body elevated at an angle less than 45 degrees

162
Q

Shock position

A

Alternative to the trendelenburg position where only the feet and legs are elevated approximately 12 inches.

163
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary and under control of the brain and nervous system

164
Q

Skull

A

Rests at the top of the spinal column and houses and protects the brain.

165
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Made up of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body through rhythmic wavelike movements

166
Q

Spinal column

A

Is principle support system of the body

167
Q

Sternum

A

Breast bone

168
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Just below the dermis is a layer of fatty tissue

169
Q

Suffix

A

A word part added to the end of a combining form that modifies or gives additional or specific meaning to combining form

170
Q

Superior plane

A

Above the waist

171
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head or above the point of reference

172
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front

173
Q

Supine

A

The patient is lying face up on his back

174
Q

Surfactant

A

Thin layer of fluid lining the alveoli that contains fat and protein molecules

175
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts

176
Q

Tendons

A

Layers that connect muscles to bones

177
Q

Thoracic spine

A

Upper back

178
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

179
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

The large prominent anterior cartilage of the larynx commonly referred to as the Adam’s apple

180
Q

Tibia

A

Two bones of the Lower leg

181
Q

Trachea

A

Referred to as the windpipe and is attached to the distal end of the larynx and descends downward to about the level of the fifth thoracic vertebrae

182
Q

Trachealis muscle

A

Posterior wall of the trachea has no cartilage and is made up of flexible ligaments tissue and smooth muscle

183
Q

Transverse line

A

Imaginary line drawn through the wrist

184
Q

Transverse plane

A

Parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves often referred to as the axial plane

185
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Head down legs up. Patient is lying on his back with the legs elevated higher than the head and body on an inclined plane.

186
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

187
Q

True vocal cords

A

The inferior ligaments also called vocal folds

188
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm

189
Q

Urinary system

A

Filters and excretes wastes from the blood

190
Q

Valve

A

They are between the chambers of the heart keep the blood flowing in one direction and prevent the back flow of blood

191
Q

Vein

A

Carries blood back to the heart

192
Q

Venae cavae

A

Carry’s oxygen depleted blood back to the right atrium where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs

193
Q

Ventilation

A

Primarily based on changes in pressure inside the chest that cause air to flow into or out of the lungs

194
Q

Ventral

A

Means toward the front or belly(abdomen)

195
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart

196
Q

Venule

A

Known as the smallest branch of the veins

197
Q

Vertebrae

A

Irregularly shaped blocks or bone

198
Q

Vertebral column

A

Principle support system of the body

199
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covers the surface of the lungs

200
Q

Vocal cords

A

Contained within the larynx

201
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Can be contracted and relaxed by will of the individual

202
Q

White blood cells

A

Are part of the body’s immune system and help to defend against infection

203
Q

Xiphoid process

A

The inferior portion of the sternum

204
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheekbones

Emt Basic Ch. 7-8-9 (3 decks)

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