Chapter 7-9

Question 1

Antrograde amnesia

Answer 1

Couldn’t form new lasting memories

Question 2

Episodic memory

Answer 2

a memory for specific autobiographical events; includes information about spatial and temporal context (e.g. high school graduation)

Question 3

Semantic memory

Answer 3

memories for facts and general knowledge about the world, as well as for personal info (e.g., your mother’s name)

Question 4

encoding

Answer 4

initial storage into memory

Question 5

storage/condensation

Answer 5

maintaining the stored memory

Question 6

retrival

Answer 6

re activating the memory for further processing

Question 7

Depth-of-processing effect

Answer 7

generally, deeper processing at encoding of new info ability to remember that info later

Question 8

Transfer-appropriate processing

Answer 8

retrieval better when study and test conditions match

Question 9

interference

Answer 9

similar-overlapping information can interfere with memory, producing storage and retrieval errors.

Question 10

proactive interference

Answer 10

old information interferes with new information

Question 11

retroactive interference

Answer 11

new information interferes with old information

Question 12

memory misattribution

Answer 12

when information is correctly remembered but mistakenly associated with an incorrect source

Question 13

source amnesia

Answer 13

when information is correctly remembered, but the source is not remembered at all

Question 14

cryptomnesia

Answer 14

mistakenly remembering someone else’s ideas as one’s own.

Question 15

consolidation period

Answer 15

time frame in which new memories are vulnerable to loss

Question 16

who mapped the cerebral cortex during epileptic surgery?

Answer 16

Wilder Penfield

Question 17

Agnosia

Answer 17

relatively specific disruption of the ability to process a particular type of semantic information

Question 18

implication

Answer 18

specific categories of semantic knowledge stored in unique places in the brain

Question 19

transient global amnesia

Answer 19

temporary memory disruption, often due to brief interruption of blood flow to the brain

Question 20

functional amnesia

Answer 20

results from psychological rather than physical causes.

Question 21

what is a skill

Answer 21

the ability to perform a task that has been honed through learning.

Question 22

perceptual motor skill

Answer 22

learned movement patterns guided by sensory input. i.e. athlete, musician

Question 23

closed skill

Answer 23

performing predefined sequences of movements. i.e. Ballet

Question 24

open skill

Answer 24

require adjustment based on the environment i.e soccer, tango, baseball.

Question 25

cognitive skill

Answer 25

require problem-solving or applying strategies, or ability to sort through large amounts of knowledge

Question 26

Talent

Answer 26

ability to master a skill with little effort

Question 27

expert

Answer 27

someone who mastered a skill better than most people.

Question 28

power law of learning

Answer 28

gains are rapid at first, but decrease proportionate to what has already been learned

Question 29

feedback

Answer 29

gain knowledge of results during training

Question 30

constant practice

Answer 30

focus on a single skill

Question 31

variable practice

Answer 31

alternates between a set of skills

Question 32

explicit learning

Answer 32

learning with conscious effort

Question 33

implicit learning

Answer 33

learning without conscious effort

Question 34

skill decay

Answer 34

loss of skill through non use

Question 35

identical elements theory

Answer 35

thorndike

training and new context will share at least some elements.

Question 36

motor program

Answer 36

sequence of movements that an organism can perform virtually automatically, with minimal attention

Question 37

dystonia

Answer 37

neurological movement disorder caused by brain sending incorrect information to muscles

Question 38

Apraxia

Answer 38

poor-coordination of purposeful, skilled, movements. most commonly from head trauma

Question 39

working memory

Answer 39

active and temporary representation of information that is maintained for the short term in your mind to help you think and decide what to do

Question 40

Cognitive control

Answer 40

manipulation and application of working memory for planning, task switching, attention, stimulus selection, and inhibition of inappropriate reflexive behaviors

Question 41

Sensory memory

Answer 41

brief, transient sensations of what you have just perceived

Question 42

intelligence

Answer 42

the capacity to learn, reason, and understand.