CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
1
Q
- The contemporary attitude toward human nature and human engineering is an increasingly discussed concept of ____.
A
management
2
Q
- Too often, people in management rise to high positions with little knowledge of the ____ that interfere with the productivity of their personnel.
A
psychological factors
3
Q
- Persons who are highly successful in developing certain specialized skills often are placed in supervisory positions with considerable power, were some prove to be bunglers in applying fundamental skills of ____.
A
dealing with others
4
Q
- The approach of the ___ school toward supervision is an important science, a science of managing human beings, which grew out of other sciences.
A
human relations
5
Q
- Evidence is clear that output is affected to a greater degree by workers’ feelings about ___x4, than by their attitudes about the physical working conditions.
A
their jobs
their colleagues
their supervisors
happiness about them, than by their attitudes about the physical working conditions
6
Q
- The rise of ____ has made it necessary for management to seek positive methods of gaining an understanding of workers and leading them into a desire to produce.
A
worker dominance and merit systems
7
Q
- If the efforts of the supervisor to prevent or relieve many of the____ of his subordinates are to be most meaningful, it is imperative that he understand the basic relationships of their drives, satisfactions, and needs to their ____.
A
behavior patterns are understood
8
Q
- Adair lists the basic psychological needs of an individual as a feeling of ___x4.
A
feeling of insecurity
sense of adequacy
sense of self esteem
sense of social approval
9
Q
- Alfred Adler used the phrase ____ to describe the psychological feeling of inadequacy and applied this concept as a partial explanation of some of the problems of the emotional human animal.
A
inferiority complex
10
Q
- __________is often the direct cause of debilitating anxieties, fears, and feelings of insecurity among employees.
A
lack of knowledge or understanding
11
Q
- Symonds describes ____ as a step taken by the individual in order to avoid meeting and solving some difficulty or present problem. It is an escape from reality.
A
regressive behavior
12
Q
- The supervisor is constantly dealing with people who, in one respect or another, have regressions, fixations, or overdrives caused by _____.
A
frustrations
13
Q
- When individuals are prevented from fulfilling certain conscious desires or impulses, when their basic drives or needs or satisfactions are not realized, when they are thwarted in reaching their goals, ____ are likely to develop. These are called ____.
A
frustrations
goal frustrations
14
Q
- The supervisor must develop a ___ in dealing with the EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS of his subordinates that he encounters day to day.
A
clinical approach
15
Q
- Sometimes giving subordinates an __x3 is all that is required to correct an incipient problem.
A
opportunity to talk
providing a bit of information
giving a simple explanation
16
Q
- When the route to an important goal is obstructed, the usual reaction is to __-x4. If the goal is unimportant, __x3.
A
go around the obstacle
remove it
attack it head on accept defeat
___________________________
forget it
ignore it
deny it ever existed
17
Q
- The course followed in meeting obstruction involves ___, since it requires some adjustment to circumstances. This is the essence of personal development.
A
problem solving behavior
18
Q
- The supervisor who ignores or is unaware of the employee’s drive to attain a certain goal is often the very cause of frustration –he becomes _____.
A
the barriers
19
Q
- Any reasonably astute supervisor can easily assess the ___ to determine what changes should be made to improve performance and where changes should not be made.
A
work environment
20
Q
- ____ in the environment of the individual, such as a malfunctioning flashlight, a sticking door, or bad brakes on an automobile, ay constitute barriers to which the individual must adjust.
A
physical things
21
Q
- ____ might be a nagging spouse or an incompatible partner or supervisor.
A
human barriers
22
Q
- ____ may consist on unpopular rules or policies, inadequate salaries, or onerous situations that affect the individual.
A
situational barriers
23
Q
- Conflict in motives existing within the individual may constitute ___ to personality
A
internal barriers
24
Q
- The individual desiring a new and better assignment is often torn by ____ that arise because he fears the added responsibility of the new position.
A
internal conflicts
25
25. Failure to give the worker a sense of active participation in the total organization objectives, a lack of encouragement for him to develop new skills and take on added responsibility, the exercise of excessive dominance over him by his superiors, or the failure to help him gain insight into his shortcoming may contribute to the development of _____.
frustration
26
26. Frustrations connected with the employee’s off the job life may be reflected in his ____, and the reverse is also likely to occur.
job performance
27
27. If the employee is subjected to frustrating conditions on the job, ____, with the result that his home life becomes a series of frustrating experiences.
they often take those problems home
28
28. The supervisor must recognize his limitations; if he concludes that he is not qualified to give the necessary assistance, he should recommend that the employee ____.
seek the help of professional skilled counselors
29
29. __x4 will often have a vital bearing on the way the employee responds to his job.
unsatisfactory home conditions / social experiences
ill health
unpleasant job conditions
inability to maintain a satisfactory standard of living
30
30. The threshold level at which frustrations have different effects on behavior is called the _____.
frustration tolerance
31
31. ___ might be the result of the blocking of a great desire to attain a goal or the inability of the individual to accept a substitute goal.
intense frustration
32
32. The nearer the goal when the individual is thwarted in reaching it, ____.
the greater the frustration and disappointment and the greater will be the reaction of it.
33
33. The supervisor should realize that ___ cause less frustration than ____ because cooperation and understanding are not expected from ___.
things
people
things
34
34. Where frustrations are caused by ___, the problem can usually be removed by common sense action.
people
35
35. Some of the more common reactions to frustrations frequently encountered by the supervisor on the job cannot be prevented because they are ____.
spontaneous
36
36. Since human beings cannot remain static for long, they tend to meet frustration with ____.
aggression
37
37. ___ may be present with our without physical or verbal attack or noncooperation.
hostility
38
38. When a person is afraid to express anger or annoyance outwardly, he often engages in PASSIVE hostility symptomized by ___x3.
passive hostility symptomized by sullenness
39
39. Talking back, picking arguments, finding fault, name calling, excessively criticizing, belittling others, and engaging in sarcastic or bossy behavior are examples of ___.
direct verbal attack
40
40. ___ may take place in the form of rumor spreading activities, uncomplimentary stories and jokes, and disparaging remarks about the object of the attack.
indirect verbal attacks
41
41. A physical attack on equipment or other physical facilities or even an attack on an individual may be the concomitant result of ___.
frustration
42
42. In these ___ situations, the individual may become so absorbed in his reaction that he will temporarily forget his original goal.
attack
43
43. The view generally accepted is that the first of two functions of ___ involves the extraction of satisfaction from the outside work in the drive toward a goal that is blocked; the second involves a desire to hurt or destroy the source of the pain, those things or persons who are symbols of the barrier.
aggression
44
44. When emotional conflicts with their resultant frustrations are frequent or continuous and attack reactions are not available to the individual, he may give up all attempts to satisfy a motive and adopt an attitude of ____.
resignation
45
45. An individual who finds that the efforts needed to fulfill an objective are greater than he desires to make, who faces what appears to him to be a insoluble problem, or who lacks self confidence in his ability to perform often attempt to ____.
escape
46
46. ___ should not be confused with laziness or lack of motivation, wherein the employee will avoid doing what he is supposed to do because he is not inclined to put forth the necessary effort; rather, it is a condition involving a lack of fortitude brought about by any one of a number of factors.
escapism
47
47. ____ such as headaches, stomach upsets, or nervous disorders are often caused by anxieties or frustrations.
psychosomatic illnesses
48
48. ___ practiced by a supervisor is particularly damaging to the organization when he uses it to relieve himself of the necessity of seriously tackling problems that are likely to be frustrating.
rationalization
49
49. At times, a frustrated individual will abandon problem solving for an immature or even infantile type of ____.
regressive action
50
50. ____ resulting from regression substitutes for growth and problem solving ability.
immature reaction
51
51. ___ assumed that individuals tend to repeat infantile acts when they have found such behavior helpful in achieving their desires.
adlers psychology
52
52. The supervisor can accomplish much practical supervision if he understands ____ .
adlers concepts
53
53. When an individual experiences a _____, he keeps repeating a response even if it is not effective.
fixation
54
54. If an employee is criticized too severely for the way her performs an operation, he may become ___ in using the wrong method over and over.
frozen or fixated
55
55. The most obvious means of preventing frustrations arising out of the work environment is the____.
discovery and removal of underlying causes
56
56. ___ must recognize that many problems result from the human and physical factors related to the job.
management personnel
57
57. The ____ is a fertile source of frustration because it restricts the worker’s freedom of action and, at the same time, imposes on him positive demands.
work situation
58
58. Stress and tensions arising from the work environment can be reduced significantly by improving ___.
supervisory practices
59
59. The supervisor should make every effort to satisfy the motives of his subordinates by helping them develop feelings of security through the process of ____.
informing them about matters effecting them and by providing them with means of self expression
60
60. Many frustrations can be prevented if the supervisor makes an effort to place his subordinates in the assignments for which -___.
they are best suited
61
61. The supervisor is bound to be confronted with many ____ in his subordinates.
emotional conflicts
62
62. The supervisor will not always possess the technical ability to provide relief fro a ___-often, he will not even be able to ascertain the cause.
frustrating condition
63
63. Studies have indicated that person are more likely to follow the suggestions of the supervisor if he has demonstrated an ability to ____.
help others solve their problems
64
64. If the frustration reaction involves aggression that the individual is unable to suppress because of his deficient control mechanisms, it would seem that relief is most adequately achieved by directing the aggression into ____.
harmless channels
65
65. ____ wherein the individual is given the opportunity to engage in catharsis by talking out the situation will provide an outlet for reducing his anger, developing some objectivity, and gaining insight into his problem.
patient nondirective counseling
66
66. The supervisor should help relieve his troubled subordinate of frustration by providing an opportunity for the achievement of ____.
a feeling of success
67
67. Since frustration is normally associated with goals of some sort, the supervisor should be cautious to avoid action that will be ____.
harmful to goal achievements
68
68. It is best, therefore, that the supervisor, in attempting to determine why certain behaviors occur, ______.
confine themselves to those aspects of the personality that can be readily observed
