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Biology 121 Exam #3 > Chapter 7, 8- Energy and Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 7, 8- Energy and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown

Releases energy

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

Builds up

Stores energy

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3
Q

ATP stands for what?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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4
Q

What is ATP?

A

Short term storage of chemical energy

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5
Q

Process of oxidation of glucose?

A

Waste products= CO2 and water
55% to ATP
45% to waste (metabolic heat)

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6
Q

ReDox Reactions

Oxidation includes what?

A

Loss of electrons and/ or H+

Gain of oxygen

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7
Q

ReDox Reactions

Reduction (opposite of oxidation) includes what?

A

Gain of electrons and/ or H+

Loss of oxygen

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8
Q

ReDox Reactions

What is true about reduction?

A

Reactions are always coupled

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9
Q

Respiration is what?

A

An ATP- generating process in which molecules are oxidized and the final electron acceptor is:
Oxygen=
Inorganic ion=
Organic molecule=

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10
Q

Respiration

In ATP, oxygen equals what?

A

Aerobic respiration

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11
Q

Respiration

In ATP, inorganic ion is what?

A

Anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

Respiration

In ATP, organic molecule equals what?

A

Fermentation

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13
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Addition of high- energy phosphates

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14
Q

Phosphorylation

Two types?

A

Substrate- level

Oxidative

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15
Q

Phosphorylation

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Transfer of high energy electrons from organic molecules through the electron transport chain to produce ATP by chemiosmosis.

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16
Q

Photophosphorylation is what?

A

Production of ATP from the energy of light

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17
Q

Catabolism

Phosphorylation is what?

A

Addition of high energy phosphate group to a chemical compound

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18
Q

Phosphorylation 1

Most compounds are phosphorylated (energized or activated) just before what?

A

Cleavage reactions

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19
Q

Phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation is what?

A

Transfer of high energy energy phosphate from substrate directly to ADP to produce ATP

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20
Q

Catabolism: Overview

Glucose= how many carbons?

A

6 carbons

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21
Q

Catabolism: Overview

“PGAL (2x3 carbons” Which step in the sequence is this?

A

2nd

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22
Q

Catabolism: Overview

“Pyruvate (pyruvic acid, 2x3 carbons)”

Which step in the sequence is this?

A

3rd

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23
Q

Catabolism: Overview

Glucose
PGAL
Pyruvate

Which process is this?

A

Glycolysis in cytoplasm

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24
Q

Catabolism: Overview

“Acetyl CoA (2x2 carbons)”

Which step in the sequence is this?

A

4th

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25
Catabolism: Overview ``` Pyruvate (pyruvic acid, 2x3 carbons) Acetyl CoA (2x2 carbons) ``` Which process is this?
Pyruvate Conversation (mitochondria)
26
Where Does the Food Go? What is the sequence that goes along with this slide?
``` Glucose PGAL Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Kreb’s Cycle ```
27
What are the enzymes that break down proteins?
Proteases | Peptidases
28
Where Does the Food Go? Where do amino acids go?
Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Kreb’s Cycle
29
Where Does the Food Go? Carbohydrates get broken into monosaccharides which get broken into what?
Glucose
30
Where Does the Food Go? Fats get broken down into glycerol and what?
Fatty acids
31
Where Does the Food Go? Fats get broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, then go where?
PGAL | Acetyl CoA
32
Anabolism The Nature of Light A photon is what?
Energy packet
33
Anabolism The Nature of Light Wavelength is measured in what?
hv
34
Anabolism The Nature of Light Shorter hv means?
Higher energy
35
Anabolism The Nature of Light Longer hv means?
Lower energy
36
Photonic Effects in Molecules Valence electrons=
Outer cloud
37
Photonic Effects in Molecules Ground state=
Lowest energy
38
Photonic Effects in Molecules Excited=
Elevated energy (unstable)
39
Photonic Effects in Molecules Valence electron is raised to a higher (excited) energy level, but this is unstable, so what will the electron do?
Drop back to its original level
40
Photonic Effects in Molecules Valence electron drops to its original level and it releases energy as a lower energy (longer wavelength) photon of light. If immediate, it is called what?
Fluorescence
41
Photonic Effects in Molecules Valence electron drops to its original level and it releases energy as a lower energy (longer wavelength) photon of light. If delayed, it is called what?
Phosphorescence
42
Photonic Effects in Molecules Valence electron drops to its original level and it releases energy as a lower energy (longer wavelength) photon of light. OR the electron may jump from the original (now reduced), transferring the energy to?
Another molecule
43
Energy Absorbing Pigments Chlorophyll a and b characteristics include:
Magnesium in porphyrin ring Frying pan shape with phytol tail In green plants, algae, Cyanobacteria
44
Energy Absorbing Pigments Chlorophyll a and b characteristics:
Absorbs blue, red; reflects green light
45
Energy Absorbing Pigments Carotenoids: Absorb which colors?
Blue and violet
46
Energy Absorbing Pigments Carotenoids: Reflect which colors?
Red Orange Yellow
47
Energy Absorbing Pigments Carotenoids: Bacteriorhodopsin create which pigment?
Purple pigment
48
Chloroplasts Chlorophyll reside where?
In thylakoid membrane
49
Chloroplasts Thylakoids are arranged in?
Granna
50
Chloroplasts Granna is collected in what?
Chloroplast stroma
51
Chloroplasts Granna is collected in the chloroplast stroma surrounded by what?
Double membrane
52
Chloroplasts Contain what (in the picture)?
Vacuole | Nucleus
53
Photo phosphorylation 1 Cyclic: Light strikes chlorophyll Dislodged electron transferred to?
Acceptor
54
Photo phosphorylation 1 Cyclic: Light strikes chlorophyll Dislodged electron transferred to acceptor Electron returned, makes how much ATP?
1 ATP
55
Photo phosphorylation 1 Cyclic: Light strikes chlorophyll Dislodged electron transferred to acceptor Electron returned, makes how much 1 ATP? Found only in which species?
Bacteria
56
Photo phosphorylation 1 Non- Cyclic: Light- dependent reactions: Captures light, makes what?
ATP
57
Photo phosphorylation 1 Non- Cyclic: Light- dependent reactions: Captures light, makes ATP Involves photosystems - and - ?
1 | 2
58
Photo phosphorylation 1 Non- Cyclic: Light- independent reactions: Uses what to make glucose?
ATP
59
Photo phosphorylation 1 Non- Cyclic: Light- independent reactions: Uses ATP to make glucose Aka?
Calvin- Benson Cycle
60
Calvin- Benson Cycle Summary CO2 is fixed to ribulose biphosphate (RuBP); this produces how many PGA molecules?
2
61
Calvin- Benson Cycle Summary Two PGA convert to ? PGAL?
2
62
Calvin- Benson Cycle Summary PGAL: Most PGAL regenerates RuBP Some PGAL does what?
Splits off
63
Calvin- Benson Cycle Summary For every six cycles, 2 PGAL produces what?
A single molecule of glucose
64
Photosynthesis: The Ultimate Summary CO2 + H2O—
O2 (oxygen)
65
From Whence the Food? Carbon source: Carbon dioxide=
Autotroph
66
From Whence the Food? Carbon source: Carbon dioxide= autotroph Organic carbon=
Heterotroph
67
From Whence the Food? Energy source: Light=
Phototroph
68
From Whence the Food? Energy source: Light= phototroph Chemical bonds=
Chemotroph
69
Nutritional Groups 1 Photo autotrophs: Oxygenic- produce what?
O2 (oxygen)
70
Nutritional Groups 1 Photo autotrophs: Anoxygenic: Require (blank) conditions
Anaerobic
71
Nutritional Groups 1 Photoheterotrophs are what only?
Anoxygenic
72
Nutritional Groups 2 Chemoautotrophs: What do they use as energy sources?
``` H2S Elemental sulfur Ammonia (NH4+) Nitrite (NO2-) H2 Ferrous ions (Fe++) ```
73
Nutritional Groups 3 Chemoheterotrophs: Most common Glucose as both what?
Energy and carbon source
74
Nutritional Groups 3 Chemoheterotrophs: Saprophytes- live on what?
Dead, organic matter
75
Nutritional Groups 3 Chemoheterotrophs: Parasites- do what to living hosts?
Live in OR on

Biology 121 Exam #3 (1 decks)

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