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Dental materials exam 5 > Chapter 7, 8, and 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 7, 8, and 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Whitening

A

Cosmetic process that uses chemicals to remove discolorations from teeth or to lighten them

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2
Q

Power whitening

A

In office whitening procedure that uses strong whitening agents and a high-intensity light source to accelerate the whitening process

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3
Q

Walking bleach technique

A

Whitening technique for non-vital teeth in which whitening materials are sealed inside the tooth crown for a few days and the patient “walks” around with the whitening material in place

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4
Q

Enamel microabrasion

A

A process that uses hydrochloric acid and an abrasive such as pumice to remove shallow discolorations of the enamel

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5
Q

Mouth guard

A

An appliance made of hard or pilable material that protects teeth from trauma during sports activities or from grinding the teeth

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6
Q

Custom-fit

A

Made specifically to fit one individual

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7
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder caused when the muscles that support the soft palate, uvula, and tongue relax and the airway narrows or closes

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8
Q

Purpose of sealants

A

Prevent dental caries in pits and fissures

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9
Q

What are sealants

A

Lightly filled resins

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10
Q

Surfaces that sealants protect

A

Occlusal surfaces

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11
Q

Surfaces that fluoride protect

A

Smooth (buccal, lingual, facial) surfaces

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12
Q

Indications for sealants

A

Big pits and fissures

Molars and premolars most common to have sealants

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13
Q

Composition of sealants

A

bis-GMA

UDMA

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14
Q

Self cure for sealants

A

2 minutes (cat/base)

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15
Q

Light cure for sealants

A

20 sec (most common)

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16
Q

Color and wear (sealants)

A

Variety (amber, light gray, white)

We use clean-pro its pink in color and changes white when dried

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17
Q

Steps in placement of sealants

A 
Isolate the tooth
Pumice tooth with non-fluoridated paste
Rinse tooth
Apply etchant, 60 secs; chalky appearance
Rinse
Apply sealant material
Light cure for 30-60 secs
Floss interproximal space
Check occlusion
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18
Q

Effectiveness of sealants

A

Very effective

If not sealed properly can cause caries

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19
Q

.040

A

Bleaching trays

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20
Q

Why do patients like bleaching their teeth

A

Cosmetics

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21
Q

How bleaching works

A

Depends on status of teeth
Hydrogen peroxide passes through the spaces in the enamel and reaches the dentin where it release oxygen free radicals that oxidize the stains

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22
Q

Whitening material in bleaching trays

A

Hydrogen peroxide, carbomide

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23
Q

Extrinsic stains

A

Outside

Yellow, green, black; from coffee, smoking. or poor hygiene

24
Q

Intrinsic stains

A

Occur during tooth development
Medicine, root canals, or trauma
Yellow-brown, or white stains

25
Q

You always take what before bleaching

A

Tooth shade

26
Q

Home bleaching

A

10-16% carbomide peroxide

27
Q

Over the counter products (bleaching)

A

5.3% hydrogen peroxide

28
Q

Side effects of bleaching

A

Sensitivity

29
Q

Contraindications with bleaching

A

Allergies to bleaching material
People with large restorations have increased sensitivity
Not recommended for tooth colored restorations

30
Q

0.080

A

Mouth protectors

31
Q

Purpose of a mouth protector

A

Protect teeth and supporting structures and help prevent sports injuries

32
Q

Types of mouth protectors

A

Stock guards
Boil and bite
Custom fit

33
Q

Materials used to fabricate mouth protectors

A

Soft; thermoplastice sheets of poly(vinyl-acetate) polyethylene

34
Q

Maintance of mouth protectors

A

Cleaned daily (liquid soap)
Stored in rigid container
Do not use sodium hydrochloride
Leave the container open

35
Q

What is fluoride

A

It is naturally occurring mineral found in many forms in the modern world

36
Q

Where is fluoride found

A

Water, food, and is an additive in many dental products over the counter or prescribed

37
Q

Optimal levels of fluoride

A

0.7-1.2 ppm (parts per million)

38
Q

0.7 ppm

A

is for warmer climates where more water is consumed

39
Q

1.2 ppm

A

Increased in cooler climates where less water is consumes

40
Q

Bottled water

A

Most bottled water does not contain fluoride unless the label indicates otherwise. Advise patients to fill water bottles from a fluoridated water supply

41
Q

What is fluorosis

A

consumption of excess fluoride during tooth formation

42
Q

Severe fluorosis

A

Leads to brown staining and pitting of the enamel surface

43
Q

Mild to moderate fluorosis

A

Cosmetic concerns, such as opaque white spots or bands on the teeth

44
Q

Demineralization

A

Actions that removes minerals from the tooth

45
Q

Remineralization

A

Replacing minerals that are lost from a tooth

46
Q

Bacterial inhibition

A

inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates

47
Q

pH at which tooth minerals dissolves

A

5.5

48
Q

Chlorexidine gluconate (CHX)

A

Board spectrum prescription mouth rinse

49
Q

Concentraction of fluoride in CHX

A

0.12%

50
Q

Uses of CHX

A

Management of bacteria associated with periodontal disease and dental caries

51
Q

Side effects of CHX

A

Brown staining and bitter taste

52
Q

2.0% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Gel/Foam

A

Also called neutral sodium fluoride due to its neutral ph of 7
Most common for patients on regular hygiene calls

53
Q

1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) Gel/Foam

A

Low ph of 3.5 (acidulated) enhances fluoride uptake

APF etches porcelain, composite resorations, and sealants so it should not be used on patients with such restorations

54
Q

5% Neutral Sodium (NaF) Varnish

A
  • Safe, effective, fast and easy to apply
  • Higher concentration of fluoride than gel or foam, but an overall less amount of fluoride is used per application because it is painted in a thin layer on the enamel
  • Sets quickly and remains on the teeth for up to (1-3) days releasing fluoride in pits and fissures and cervical areas of the teeth
  • Great for children
  • Reduces demineralization
  • Application of choice for dentin hypersensitivity
55
Q

Signs and symptoms of acute toxic dose

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased salivation, and thirst. Symptons usually begin within 30 mins of ingestion

56
Q

Emergency treatment of fluoride toxicity

A
  • Induce vomiting
  • Administer fluoride-binding liquid when patient is not vomiting
    • milk
    • milk of magnesium
    • lime water
57
Q

Patient instructions following application of fluoride

A
  • Instruct to not rinse, eat, drink, brush, or floss for at least 30 min after gel or foam application
  • After applying varnish, instruct patient to avoid hot drinks, alcoholic beverages, hard foods, and brushing or flossing for 4-6 hours or until next day
  • Inform pt. that varnish will leave a yellow film on teeth until brushing and teeth may feel fuzzy
  • Self applied fluorides (RX and OTC) are available as toothpastes, mouthrinses, and gels

Dental materials exam 5 (1 decks)

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