Chapter 7-8

Question 1

What is and aqueduct?

Answer 1

a channel used to move water usually supported on a bridge structure.

Question 2

What is a Chinampa?

Answer 2

Floating islands built in water to grow crops.

Question 3

Wha is an omen?

Answer 3

A sign that something is going to happen.

Question 4

What is an ocelot?

Answer 4

A wildcat with a greyish or yellow coat with black spots.

Question 5

What is conscription?

Answer 5

mandatory military service.

Question 6

What are glyphs?

Answer 6

Pictures or symbols used in writing.

Question 7

What is retributive justice?

Answer 7

Dealing with law breakers by punishing them,

Question 8

What is restorative justice?

Answer 8

Dealing with law breakers by requiring the offender to repair the harm done.

Question 9

What are codices?

Answer 9

Aztec books made of deerskin and treebank that contained images and records. The Book folded like an accordion.

Question 10

According to the Aztecs what two landscapes did the world consist of?

Answer 10

The physical and the sacred.

Question 11

What are the pros and cons of being surrounded by mountains?

Answer 11

Pros: Isolation and protection from enemies

Cons: Mountains caused flash fooding
Mountains kept the clouds out so there was less rain and fresh water was more scare.

Question 12

What ways did the Aztecs alter there environment for their own good?

Answer 12

• They built barriers to prevent flooding of the lake
• They built aquaducts to turn the lake water drinkable
• Built cosways to connect them to the mainland ( could destroy cosways if enemies were attacking to cut them off from the island)
• Built Chinampas so they didn’t have to make room for farmland. The land was not suitable for farming because they were on a swampy island.

Question 13

Who were the Aztec gods and what did they believe they were responsible for?

Answer 13

Hultzilpoca
- god that encouraged the Aztecs to settle in the valley of mexico
- the aztecs sacrificed human blood to him so the sun would rise the next day
- possessed war like aspects
Tezocatipoca
- he was the most powerful of the gods
- could see visions of the future
- his name means smoking mirrors
- he was known as the lord of the night sky
Quetzalcoatl
- he was known as the god of the wind
- he was offered flowers, insence , and birds
- it was believe that he left the valley of mexico after a fight with another god. It was prophosized that he would return in the year “one reed” and bring destruction to the aztec empire.
Tlalco
-he was the god of rain
- could unleash deadly floods or could prevent rain from falling for years
- he could cause drought and famine
- it was believed that he controlled the survival of the aztecs

Question 14

What was the aztecs worldview?

Answer 14

• Very religious, believed they had to please the gods or the sun would not rise the next day and they would be punished, they showed their respect by sacrifice
• education was valued, is was important for everyone to go to school
• their society was a hierarchy
• they believed in the good of society, it was more important to benefit to society than it was to benefit an individual

Question 15

What was the main goal of aztec education?

Answer 15

To turn people into good responsible citizens and prepare them to be contributing members of society.

Question 16

What roles could women hold in aztec society?

Answer 16

• could be doctors or healers
• priestesses
• match makers
• midwives
• served as educators

Question 17

What were the virtues of aztec society?

Answer 17

• courage
• self-sacrifice
• modesty
• clean living
• obedience

Question 18

List what caused the destruction of each era?

Answer 18

1) jaguars
2) hurricanes
3) fiery rain
4) flood
5) and it was anticipated the fifth would be destroyed by earthquakes

Question 19

Why is Mexico sinking?

Answer 19

Mexico city was built on the ruins of Tenochtitilan. To provide people living there with water they use water from beneath the city. They are draining the water and since there are so many people living in Mexico City it is draining faster than it can refill.

Question 20

List the three areas of responsibility of the empire and the duties under each one?

Answer 20

Commander-in-cheif
  - leads the army
  -must be a skilled warrior
  -know military strategy to lead others
Head of state
  -good of the empire rested on his shoulders
  - had the final say in all decisions
Chief priest
  - interpreted omens
  - preformed religious ceremonies ( sacrifice)

Question 21

List the three most common ways of indicating social structure in aztec society?

Answer 21

• clothing
• jewellery
• location and size of your house

Question 22

What were some of the advantages of choosing the island as a site for the city?

Answer 22

Isolation

• protection from enemies
• you were able to focus and preserve your culture because you are isolated and there is no other influences around.

Question 23

Describe the punishments an Aztec could receive for breaking the law?

Answer 23

For minor crimes, large fines and slavery were often the punishment and for serious crimes most often death because they did not have prisons.

Question 24

Describe the process that was used to decide if an aztec was guilty or inocent?

Answer 24

Commoners laid complaints before judges and noblemen, who studied and recorded the case and tested the truth of each complaint. They sought out witnesses and the made a decision based on evidence they found . If an aztec had a problem with a decision the case could be taken to higher court.

Question 25

What was the difference between schools for nobles and schools for commoners?

Answer 25

Calmeac (Nobles)
-boys trained as warriors
- studied sciences, math based on the # system, codices, religion, and music
-learned how to read and write
-where trained for there careers
-located in the neighbourhoods of nobles
Tepochcalli ( commoners)
-boys spent there day doing hard physical labor
-teachers gave oral lessons in religion, aztec history, and citizenship duties.
-did not learn how to read and write, lessons were spoken ( rote memorization)
-received practical instructions from parents to prepare them for trade

Question 26

What did the aztec social structure look like?

Answer 26

Emperor
nobility and priests
merchants, artisans, soldiers
women, fishers. farmers
slaves