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WCCMT Brielle > Chapter 7/8 > Flashcards

Chapter 7/8 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the endocrine and nervous system work together to do?

A

To maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the study of the nervous system

A

Neurology

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3
Q

What is in the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is in the PNS

A

Cranial nerves & spinal nerves

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5
Q

What are the PNS subdivisions?

A

Somatic (voluntary), Autonomic (involuntary) and Enteric (involuntary)

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6
Q

Are sensory neurons Afferent or Efferent? Do they carry signals to or from the brain?

A

Afferent, To brain

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7
Q

Are motor neurons Afferent or Efferent? Do they carry signals to or from the brain?

A

Efferent, Away from brain

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8
Q

Name the three parts of a neuron

A

Dendrite, cell body/soma, Axon

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9
Q

What’s the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependymal Cells

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10
Q

function of Astrocytes

A

To support and protect neurons, they play a role in memory and learning.

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11
Q

function of Oligodendrocytes and location

A

Forms and maintains myelin in the CNS

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12
Q

Function of microglia

A

Remove cellular debris

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13
Q

Function of Ependymal cells

A

Line the ventricles of brain and spinal cord, forming blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

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14
Q

Schwann cell function and location

A

Produce myelin sheath around axon in the PNS. Axon regeneration

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15
Q

Satellite cell function

A

Flat cells surrounding PNS ganglia

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16
Q

What’s myelination

A

Process of ensheathing axons with myelin

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17
Q

What’s a nerve and where’s it found

A

A bundle of axons in the PNS

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18
Q

What’s a tract and where’s it found

A

A bundle of axons in the CNS

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19
Q

What type of axons does gray matter contain

A

UNmyelinated axons

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20
Q

What type of axons does white matter contain

A

MYELINATED axons

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21
Q

What is action potential and what’s another name for it

A

AKA nerve impulse, is the electrical signal that travels along a neuron, allowing it to communicate with other cells.

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22
Q

What is continuous conduction? Fast or slow? Is myelin present?

A

•Step-by-step DEPOLARIZATION of each part of the axon
•Unmyelinated
•Slowly

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23
Q

What is saltatory conductions. Fast or slow? Is myelin present?

A

•Nerve impulse leaps/jumps from one node of Ranvier to another
•Myelinated
•Fast

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24
Q

What are the factors that affect the speed of propagation

A

Amount of myelin, Axon diameter, Temperature

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25
Q

What are 2 types of synapses

A

Electrical and Chemical

26
Q

What is the most important neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

27
Q

Name four functions of muscular tissue

A

Producing body movements, Stabilizing body positions, moving substances in the body, and generating heat

28
Q

4 properties of muscular tissue

A

Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity

29
Q

3 types of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal, cardiovascular, smooth

30
Q

Is skeletal muscle striated or non striated? Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Striated, voluntary.

31
Q

How does muscle growth occur

A

Hypertrophy

32
Q

What is the cell membrane called that surrounds a myocyte?

A

Sarcolemma

33
Q

What are thin filaments called

A

Actin

34
Q

What are thick filaments called

A

Myosin

35
Q

What is the outermost layer of muscle tissue

A

Epimysium

36
Q

What is the innermost layer of muscle tissue

A

Filaments - thin and thick

37
Q

What is the order of muscle tissue (E, P, F, MF, M, F)

A

Epimysium, Perimysium, Fascicle, Muscle Fibre, Myofibril, Filament

38
Q

What is a dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that surrounds muscles

A

Fascia

39
Q

What is a cord that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

Tendon

40
Q

What is aponeurosis

A

Broad, flattened tendon (forehead)

41
Q

When ACh (acetylcholine) binds to a receptor, what happens

A

It causes an action potential. the AP triggers the release of calcium which binds to actin and myosin, causing a muscle contraction.

42
Q

What does Anticholinesterase do

A

Degrades ACh to slow muscle movement down

43
Q

What do red muscle fibres have a high content of? What contractions does it make?

A

Myoglobin, mitochondria, blood capillaries. Slow weak contractions

44
Q

What does white muscles have a low content of? What contractions does it produce?

A

Low content of myoglobin. Fast strong contractions

45
Q

What is an example of muscle tone

A

Keeping the head from slumping forward on the chest

46
Q

What does botulinum toxin block

A

Blocks the release of ACh

47
Q

What does Curare do

A

Causes muscle paralysis by blocking ACh receptors

48
Q

What contributes to muscle striation

A

Filaments

49
Q

What type of nerve creates an action potential that causes muscle contraction

A

Somatic motor neuron

50
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

Cytoplasm

51
Q

Where is smooth muscle tissue found

A

Walls of hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways, and many hollow organs)

52
Q

Is smooth muscle striated or non-striated

A

Non-striated

53
Q

Which type of muscular tissue has the highest capacity to regenerate

A

Smooth muscle (because they retain their ability to divide)

54
Q

Which type of muscular tissue has the most limited regenerative abilities

A

Skeletal muscle

55
Q

What happens to your skeletal muscle when you age

A

Slow progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, decreased strength, slowed muscle reflexes, less flexibility, more red than white muscle fibres appear to increase

56
Q

What do muscle contractions need to occur

A

Calcium

57
Q

6 functions of bones

A

Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage

58
Q

How many bones are there

A

206

59
Q

What is the epiphysis

A

Proximal and distal ends

60
Q

What is the diaphysis

A

Main shaft

61
Q

What is the medullary cavity

A

Central hollow space containing yellow bone marrow

62
Q

What is articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces

WCCMT Brielle (1 decks)

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