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Alberta Science 10 - Bio > Chapter 7/8 > Flashcards

Chapter 7/8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are organisms?

A

Living things

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2
Q

What 6 characteristics do organisms exhibit?

A
  1. Made of cells
  2. Need food + energy
  3. Reproduce
  4. Produce waste
  5. Grow
  6. Respond and adapt
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3
Q

What is Abiogenesis

A

Life forms essentially spawning from non-living things

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4
Q

What is Redi’s experiment?

A

He wanted to test if spontaneus generation was real, so he set up a piece of meat to test if it would spawn maggots if the container it was in was closed. It proved spontaneous generation to be false

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5
Q

How were cells first discovered?

A

They were first discovered in the 1600’s from people observing cork cells under archaic microscopes

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6
Q

Who discovered single-celled organisms?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover/record them through looking at the plaque on his teeth

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7
Q

Who first discovered that plants had cells?

A

Schleiden and Schwann both concluded that plants had cells. They also concluded that where nuclei were, there were cells

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8
Q

Cell theory:

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
  3. Cells are produced from other cells
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9
Q

What were the earliest kinds of microscopes created?

A

Light microscopes

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10
Q

What are electron microscopes?

A

They shoot a beam of electrons to scan an object and send an image to the computer its connected to

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11
Q

What is DNA?

A

It is a long molecule with sections on it called genes. It is in all your cells

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12
Q

What is DNA made of?

A

Millions of sub-units called Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine. The order of these bases is different for every gene

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13
Q

Describe a Cell Membrane

A

A protective barrier around the cell. Keeps the cytoplasm contained. Can form vesicles to get things into the heart of the cell

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14
Q

Describe a Nucleus

A

The nucleus directs all of the cell’s activities. Sends out messenger molecules attached to ribosomes

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15
Q

Describe a Lysosome

A

They are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes that protect your cell

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16
Q

Describe Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

It is a maze of folded networks that branch from the nucleus. It is used for materials to be transported through the cell. There is a rough endoplasmic reticulum and a smooth one. The smooth one produces lipids and the rough one has ribosomes

17
Q

Describe the Golgi Apparatus

A

Flat shaped discs that replace/modify molecules sent from the Endoplasmic Reticulum. The golgi apparatus is pinched off into vesicles that are then transported to the needed places

18
Q

Describe the Mitochondria

A

The mitochondria produces energy needed by the cell. Where glucose is turned into ATP

19
Q

Describe Centrioles

A

Cylinders located outside of the nucleus. They help divide cells and direct seperation (plants usually don’t have them)

20
Q

Describe Vacuoles

A

Vesicles that hold water, food, etc. Plants usually only have one, and animal cells have small ones

21
Q

Describe the Cell Wall

A

Protects and holds the shape of plant cells. Made of cellulose

22
Q

Describe Chloroplasts

A

Found only in plants. Contains chlorophyll and causes photosynthesis where the suns energy is turned into sugars

23
Q

What is the Cell Membrane composed of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

24
Q

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic/can dissolve?

A

The head is able to dissolve, the lipid tail is unable to dissolve

25
Q

What is Brownian Motion?

A

When particles suspended move randomly

26
Q

Difference between osmosis and diffusion

A

Osmosis can only happen in liquid, while diffusion can happen no matter what

27
Q

Describe Hypotonic solution

A

When there is a cell inside some water, and there is a higher percentage of water outside than in the cell

28
Q

Describe Hypertonic solution

A

When there a higher percentage of water within the cell

29
Q

What happens within a hypertonic solution?

A

The cell will shrink due to diffusion/osmosis. The opposite happens within a hypotonic solution

30
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

A

The use of transport proteins to take particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

31
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

When a particle must travel against the concentration gradient

32
Q

What is Endo and Exocytosis?

A

When the cell membrane forms a pocket to take proteins across. Exocytosis is the opposite

33
Q

Why must a cell have a good surface area to volume ratio?

A

Because if the volume is too large compared to the surface area, it will take too long for the molecules to travel where they need to goq

Alberta Science 10 - Bio (2 decks)

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