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radiology dhyg 3027 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

steps to film processing

A 
development
rinsing
fixer
washing
drying
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2
Q

exposed silver halide crystals converted into black metallic silver

A

development

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3
Q

development softens the gelatin emulsion, causing emulsion to do what

A

swell, exposing the silver halide crystals to chemicals

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4
Q

rinsing removes the _______ ____ and does what

A

removes alkaline developer and prolongs the life of the fixer

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5
Q

removes the undeveloped/unexposed silver halide crystals from the emulsion/film; stops further film development; establishes the image permanently on the film

A

fixation

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6
Q

what step hardens the emulsion?

A

fixation

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7
Q

removes all chemicals left on radiograph after fixation

A

washing

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8
Q

many x rays penetrate and expose many silver halide crystals

A

air/soft tissue

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9
Q

fewer x rays penetrate and not as many silver halide crystals are exposed

A

bone

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10
Q

few, if any xrays penetrate, silver halide crystals not exposed

A

amalgam/gold

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11
Q

after removing moitsure, films can be handled for mounting

A

drying

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12
Q

black top

A

developer

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13
Q

red top

A

fixer

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14
Q

what are the developer agents

A

hydroquinone and elon

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15
Q

converts exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver

A

developer agents

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16
Q

helps protect the developer from being oxidized by the air

A

preservative(sodium sulfite)

17
Q

provides alkaline solution needed by developer; also softens gelatin, allowing developer to reach crystals

A

activator(sodium carbonate)

18
Q

reduces effects of developer on unexposed crystals

A

restrainer(potassium bromide)

19
Q

dealing with developer solution

A

agents
preservative
activator
restrainer

20
Q

dealing with fixer solution

A

clearing agent
preservative
acidifier
hardener

21
Q

dissolves and removes unexposed silver halide crystals from emulsion

A

clearing agent(ammonium thiosulfate or sodium thiosulfate)

22
Q

inhibits decomposition(oxidation) of clearing agent

A

preservative(sodium sulfite)

23
Q

neutralizes any contaminating alkali from the developer

A

acidifier(acetic acid)

24
Q

hardens and shrinks emulsion so film can be handled

A

hardener(potassium alum)

25
Q

red-orange light
limit handling to 2 and a half minutes
how many watts?
minimum distance between safelight and film is ___ ft

A

safelight
7 and a half to 15 watts
4 feet

26
Q

do automatic processors use higher temps or lower temps than manual processing

A

higher temps

27
Q

manual processing times for develop

A

4 min at 68 degrees

28
Q

manual processing times for rinse

A

30 seconds(agitate continuously)

29
Q

manual processing times for fixer

A

4 min (agitate intermittently; 5 seconds every 30 seconds)

30
Q

how many min total for manual processing

A

20 min

31
Q

manual processing time for washing

A

10 min in clean running water

32
Q

what step is taken out for automatic processing

A

rinsing between developing solution and fixing solution

33
Q

automatic processing time?

A

5 min

34
Q

degrees for at 2000

A

82 degrees

radiology dhyg 3027 (8 decks)

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