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GROSS - Economics > Chapter 7: > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three pro-union acts?

A

Norris-Laguardia (1932)
The National Labor Relations act (The Wagner Act) (1935)
The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

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2
Q

What is another name for the National Labor Relations Act?

A

The Wagner Act

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3
Q

What is NORRIS-LAGUARDIA?

A

it limited the ability of courts to use injunctions

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4
Q

What are INJUNCTIONS?

A

court orders restraining someone from engaging in an activity; failure to heed could lead to contempt for court (fine or imprisonment)

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5
Q

What ended the use of the Yellow Dog Contracts?

A

Norris-Laguardia

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6
Q

What are the YELLOW DOG CONTRACTS?

A

an agreement signed by workers not to join a union as a pre-caution to be hired

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7
Q

What is the LABOR FORCE?

A

anyone 16 years of age or older who is currently employed or looking for work

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8
Q

TRUE OR FAULE

If you are not looking for work, you are unemployed…?

A

FAULSE

If you are not looking for work, you are not unemployed

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9
Q

TRUE OR FAULE

If you are not looking for work, you are unemployed…?

A

FAULSE

If you are not looking for work, you are not unemployed

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10
Q

Have the white collar workers been increasing or decreasing since the 1900’s?

A

increasing 21% - 55%

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11
Q

Have the blue collar workers been increasing or decreasing since the 1900’s?

A

decreasing 38% - 28%

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12
Q

Have the service workers been increasing or decreasing since the 1900’s?

A

increasing 10% - 14%

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13
Q

Have the farm workers been increasing or decreasing since the 1900’s?

A

decreasing 31% - 3%

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14
Q

What are the five most recent trends within the workforce?

A
  • % of women in the labor force have been increasing
  • Workers have been leaving the farms
  • Workers have been earning higher wages while working fewer hours
  • Blue collar workers are in decline
  • Education has become more important
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15
Q

Why have workers been able to produce more?

A
  • technology

- improved quality of labor (better trained)

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16
Q

Why have blue collar workers been in decline?

A
  • technology (use of machines)

- foreign imports have increased

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17
Q

What are the two reasons that wages differ..?

A
  • market forces

- non market forces

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18
Q

What are MARKET FORCES?

A

supply and demand

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19
Q

Why does a craft worker make more than an unskilled worker?

A

Demand is the same but there are fewer supply of craft workers than there are unskilled workers

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20
Q

Why does a rock musician make more than a chamber musician?

A

The supply is equal but the demand for rock is greater so the rock artists can demand more money

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21
Q

What is a CRAFT WORKER?

A

a highly skilled worker such as a carpenter or electrician

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22
Q

What are four examples of non-market forces?

A
  • people like to stay where they are
  • job discrimination
  • government legislation
  • labor unions
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23
Q

What is JOB DISCRIMINATION?

A

the favoring of one group over another in hiring, salary, or promotion for reasons that have nothing to do with job performance

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24
Q

What are two reasons why job discrimination is a bad idea?

A
  • denying the best workers based on discrimination reduces production and leads to decrease in GDP
  • it is a violation of state and federal law
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25
Q

What are LABOR UNIONS?

A

an association of workers formed to promote the interest of their members

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26
Q

What is COLLECTIVE BARGAINING?

A

negations that go on between the representative on the union and management

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27
Q

How is the distribution of income shown?

A

by the Lorenze Curve

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28
Q

What is the LORENZE CURVE?

A

a group used to illustrate distribution of income and its relative inequality

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29
Q

Why did early unions play a small role in the economy prior to the civil war…?

A
  • courts considered their activities to be illegal

- most people worked in farms or in small businesses so they had no interest in unions

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30
Q

What court case said unions were legal?

A

Commonwealth versus hunt in Massachusetts in 1842

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31
Q

What led to industrialization and an increase in relevance of unions?

A

The Civil War

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32
Q

What three things comprise the saying of bread and butter?

A
  • shorter workday
  • higher wages
  • better working conditions
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33
Q

What was the most powerful early labor union?

A

The knights of labor

34
Q

Why were the knights of labor disbanded in 1917?

A
  • dissension within rinks

- public suspicion that unions were engaging in violence

35
Q

During what year did union membership ridge High Point?

A

1980

36
Q

What is GREVIENCE MACHINERY?

A

procedure employees follow if they feel they are being treated unfairly

37
Q

What is SENIORITY?

A

importance assigned to a workers length of service regarding raises layoffs etc.

38
Q

What are the three roles of a third-party in a negotiation?

A
  • conciliation
  • meditation
  • arbitration
39
Q

What is CONCILIATION?

A

what a third-party is there informally to settle disputes

40
Q

What are MEDIATIONS?

A

non-binding suggestions

41
Q

What are ARBITRATIONS?

A

Final/binding

42
Q

What are managements five former tactics when discussions break down?

A
  • Company unions
  • lockout
  • injunctions
  • yellow dog contracts
  • The blacklist
43
Q

What is COMPANY UNION?

A

a union managed and financed by the company

44
Q

Why is the company union not used today?

A

it was declared illegal by the national Labour relations act

45
Q

What is a LOCKOUT?

A

a shut down of the plant by management in an attempt to pressure the workers to return

46
Q

Why is the lockout not used today?

A

It is not illegal but it is ineffective because workers get paid to be on strike

47
Q

What is THE BLACKLIST?

A

A list of union organizers circulated amongst employers as a means of preventing them from being hired

48
Q

Why is the blacklist not used today?

A

it was outlawed by the national Labour relations act

49
Q

What are the most useful tactics used by employees to get their message across to management?

A
  • strike
  • picketing
  • The close shop
  • Union shop
  • boycott
  • secondary boycott
50
Q

What is a STRIKE?

A

refusal of workers to work in the hope that management will give into their demands

51
Q

What is PICKETING?

A

to inform the public of a labor dispute by parading in front of the business

52
Q

What are the two reasons for picketing?

A
  • to arouse public sympathy for their cause

- to prevent others from taking their jobs

53
Q

Why is the closed shop not used today?

A

it was outlawed by Taft Tartley

54
Q

What is a BOYCOTT?

A

refusal by customers to do business with a company involved in a labor dispute

55
Q

What is a SECONDARY BOYCOTT?

A

A boycott applied to firms doing business with a company involved in a labor dispute

56
Q

Why is secondary boycotting not used today?

A

it was declared illegal by Taft Tartley

57
Q

What are the four new developments management has come up with?

A
  • hiring of contingency or part time workers
  • demand givebacks from unions during a weak economy
  • some companies have moved operations overseas
  • some companies have declared bankruptcy
58
Q

Why have some companies moved there operations overseas?

A

lower labor and taxes

59
Q

What is an advantage of hiring workers on contingency?

A

you do not have to pay them fringe benefits

60
Q

What are four new union strategies?

A
  • unions have had some success in organizing white-collar workers
  • Quality circle
  • co-determination agreement
  • employee boycott
61
Q

What is QUALITY CIRCLE?

A

when a small group of workers and management meet to identify and solve work problem

62
Q

What is CO-DETERMINATION?

A

gives unions the power to veto management decisions

63
Q

What is an EMPLOYEE BUYOUT?

A

when the union buys out the company

64
Q

During what two years did the most strikes occur?

A

1950 and 1974

65
Q

What year saw the highest percent of workforce and strike?

A

1970

66
Q

What did the national labor relations act do?

A
  • A guaranteed workers the right to join a union

- it established the national Labour relations Board

67
Q

What did the fair labor standards act do?

A
  • minimum wage and overtime pay

- evoked the feeling that too much power had been given to the unions as opposed to management

68
Q

What did the labor-management relations act do?

A
  • it outlawed the closed shop
  • it was replaced with the union shop
  • it enabled the president to obtain an injunction for 80 days delaying a streak of threat and the national security or health
  • it allowed state legislation’s to an act right to work laws
69
Q

What is another name for the labor management relations act?

A

Taft Hartley

70
Q

What is a CLOSED SHOP?

A

where worker must belong to a union as a precaution to be hired

71
Q

What is a UNION SHOP?

A

allowed non-union workers to be hired after 90 days

72
Q

What are the RIGHT- TO- WORK LAWS?

A

guaranteed individual states the right to hold a job without joining a union

73
Q

What are the two pro management acts?

A
  • The labor-management relations act

- The labor management reporting and disclosure act

74
Q

What is another name for the labor management reporting and disclosure act?

A

Landrun-Griffin

75
Q

What four things did the labor management reporting and disclosure act do?

A
  • said that they would be regularly scheduled elections for union officials
  • said voting is to be carried out by street ballot
  • prohibited union officials from borrowing money from the union
  • embezzlement from union funds was made of federal offense
76
Q

What was the LABOR MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT?

A

it sought to improve democratic procedures and reduce corruption

77
Q

What are the four reasons union members have been in decline?

A
  • they blame Government
  • they blame right to work laws
  • union’s reputations are hurt by corrupt officials
  • Blue collar industries are in decline
78
Q

What is the first objective of the union?

A

to be recognized as the sole bargaining agent of the workers in the shop which is done through an election

79
Q

What four things do all union contract include?

A
  • bread and butter
  • fringe benefits
  • grievance machinery
  • sonority
80
Q

What are FRINGE BENEFITS?

A

medical, dental, vacation time, etc.

GROSS - Economics (7 decks)

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