Chapter 7 Flashcards
Tissues
Groups of cells that animals or plants are made of.
Organs
Groups of tissues that work together.
Body system
When groups of different organs are working together.
Examples of organs
Liver Heart Eyes Brain Intestines
Where was the first anatomists founded.
In the ancient Egyptian city of Alexandria.
When did the anatomists perform the dissection.
3rd century’s BCE.
Why did they dissect.
To investigate how the human body worked.
The four types of tissue functions.
Connective tissue.
Muscle tissue.
Nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissue.
Muscle tissues
Able to cause parts of the body to move.
Nervous tissue
Contain cells that enable the different parts of the body to pass messages.
System
When different organs work together to perform a particular function. The systems work together to maintain the health of an organism.
Digestion
The process by which food and drink are broken down and absorbed into our blood for transport to your cells.
Physical digestion
Our teeth are responsible for physical breakdown of our food.
Chyme
The resulting mixture of acid, enzymes and digested food.
Villi
The small intestine is full of ridges which is villi. They increase the surface area that the nutrients pass over.
Teeth and mouth
Teeth are responsible for physical breakdown of food. The tongue pushes the food towards the teeth. Salivary gland make saliva which has enzymes to start chemical digestion.
Oesophagus
Tubular muscle that forces food down the stomach in a process called peristalsis.
Liver and gall bladder
Liver makes a mixture of chemicals called bile which is used to digest fat and deactivate stomach acid. Food does not travel through the liver.
Rectum and anus
The rectum stores faeces until it starts to stretch, messages are sent to the brain to make you realise that you need to go to the toilet.
Stomach
The stomach stores food for about 3 hours while it uses stomach acid to help digest the food.
Pancreas
Makes pancreatic juice which contains a mixture of digestive enzymes and also neutralises stomach acid. Food does not travel through the pancreas.
Small intestine
It is quite narrow.
The absorb the nutrients that all the cells of the body require.
Four main components in blood and definitions.
Plasma- liquid part of blood, solution of salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea and proteins and fats.
White blood cells- fights infections, involved in immune system.
Red blood cells- involved in carrying oxygen.
Platelets- involved in blood clotting. Patches wounds like cuts.
What is blood made up of?
Plasma- water fluid that carries gases, nutrients and other substances.
What are the three types of cells floating in the plasma?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets.
What is bloods main function?
Transportation because it delivers things that are bodies need like oxygen and nutrients and gets rid of things our body doesn’t want like carbon dioxide and other wastes.
Blood vessels
Blood flows through the blood vessels.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other tissues. Blood is forced into the arteries.
