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Chapter 7: Functional Assessments > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Thomas test goal

Passive straight leg goal

A

Assess length of hip flexors and rectus femoris

Assess length of hamstrings

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2
Q

Bend and lift screen

Sagittal view

Tight

Unable to keep heels in contact with the floor

Hip and knee initiate movement (dominance)

insufficient activation of

A

Plantar flexors

Hip flexor and quad dominance

Glutes

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3
Q

Shoulder flexion test lie _ on mat

Shoulder extension test lie _ on mat

A

Supine

Prone

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4
Q

Hurdle step screen

Pelvis and low back

Anterior tilt with forward torso lean

Tight.

Lengthened

A

Stance leg hip flexors

Rectus abdominis and hip extensors

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5
Q

Shoulder push screen

Compensations

Scapulothoracic - winging during push up movement

Trunk-hyperextension or collapsing of lower back (3)

A

Inability of parascapular muscles to stabilize the scapulae against the rib cage

Lack of core, ab, and low back strength

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6
Q

Initial assessment that should be conducted

A

Static postural assessment

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7
Q

acceptable score for RSB:LSB test

A

.95 to 1.05

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8
Q

Lumbar dominance

Quad dominance

Glute dominance 3

A

Chronically tight hip flexors

Reliance on quads during squat- pressure transferred to knees

Eccentrically loading glutes during squat- hip hinge *preferred movement, activates hamstrings

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9
Q

Rectus abdominis
Upper back extensors
Neck extensors
Ankle plantar flexors

A

Shortened/ hypertonic/facilitated muscles associated with flat back posture

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10
Q

Hurdle step screen

Knees move inward

Tight. 2

Lengthened 2

A

Hip adductors,tensor fascia latae

Gluteus medius and Maximus

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11
Q

Bend and lift screen

Sagittal

Unable to achieve parallel between tibia and torso

Hamstrings contact back of calves

A

Lack of dorsiflexion due to tight plantar flexors

Muscle weakness- inability to stabilize and control lowering phase

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12
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt

Tight muscles (2)

A

Superior posterior pelvis tilts backward and downward

Rectus abdominis and hamstrings

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13
Q

Focus on gross deviations that differ by

A

Quarter inch ( 0.6 cm) or more btwn compartments of the body

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14
Q

trunk extensor endurance test assesses endurance of what 4 muscles

A

erector spinae

multifidi

longissimus

iliocostalis

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15
Q

Iliacus /psoas major

Internal oblique

Lumbar extensors

Neck flexors

A

Lengthened/ inhibited muscles associated with flat back posture

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16
Q

Thomas test

Back of lowered thigh DOESNT touch the table and knee DOESNT flex to 80 degrees

Back of lowered thigh DOESNT touch the table and knee DOES flex to 80 degrees

Back of lowered thigh DOES touch the table and knee DOESNT flex to 80 degrees

A

Tight hip flexors

Tight iliopsoas - preventing posterior rotation and and inhibits thigh from touching table

Rectus femoris- dies not allow knee to bend

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17
Q

Apleys scratch test assesses 3 movements

A

Shoulder extension/flexion

Internal/external rotation of humerus

Scapular abduction and adduction

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18
Q

Non-correctible factors

4
Examples

A

Congenital conditions -scoliosis

Some pathologies - rheumatoid arthritis

Structural deviations - femoral
anteversion

Certain types of trauma-surgery, amputation

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19
Q

Bend and lift screen

sagittal

Lengthened

Back excessively arches 4

Back rounds forward 1

A

Core, rectus abdominis, glutes, hamstring

Upper back extensors

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20
Q

3 key components to include when conducting postural assessments

A

Client history - musculoskeletal issues, congenital issues, injury, pain, discomfort

Lifestyle information- occupation, side dominance and habitual patterns

Visual and manual observations-postural deviations, muscle imbalance, correctible vs non correctible compensations

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21
Q

Hurdle step screen objective

A

To examine the mobility of one limb and stability of the contralateral limb while maintaining hip and torso stabilization

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22
Q

Pronation can lead to tightened _ muscle because

A

Tight calf muscles

Calcaneus moves into eversion lifting heel off ground = ankle in plantar flexion

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23
Q

Tight muscles. 3

Protracted shoulders - forward rounded

Plane of view

A

Serratus anterior, anterior scapulothoracic muscles, upper traps

Saggital

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24
Q

Bend and lift

3 observations in frontal plane

A

Pronation/ supination

Alignment of knee over second toe

Lateral shift

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25
Q

Passive straight leg test

Raised leg achieves at least 80 degrees of movement before pelvis rotates

Raised leg DOESNT achieve 80 degrees of movement before pelvis rotates

A

Normal hamstring length

Tight hamstrings

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26
Q

side bridge (either side) and extension ratio should be

A

less than .75

ex: RSB 88 seconds
extension score 150

88/150 = .59

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27
Q

Apleys scratch test

Flexion
External rotation
Abduction

A

Arm over head, bent elbow

Palm facing inward

Reach for medial border of contralateral scapula or reach down spine as far as possible

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28
Q

All transverse views of limbs and torso are performed in

A

Sagittal and frontal plane positions

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29
Q

Hurdle step screen

Allow _degrees of hip flexion without compensation

A

70 degrees

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30
Q

trunk flexor endurance test asses endurance of what 3 muscles

A

transverse abdominis

quatratus lumborum

erector spinae

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31
Q

Sagittal plane view

A

Looking at client from side - divides anterior and posterior

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32
Q

Tight muscles 4

Kyphosis and depressed chest

Plane of view

A

Shoulder adductors
Pectoralis minor
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique

Sagittal

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33
Q

trunk lateral endurance test (side bridge test) assesses endurance of what 4 muscles

A

transverse abdominis

quadratis lumborum

erector spinae

obliques

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34
Q

Bend and lift screen - Anterior view

LENGTHENED

Lack of foot stability - ankles collapse inward 3

Knees move inward 2

Lateral shift to a side

A

Medial gastrocnemius, sartorius, tibialis group

Gluteus medius and Maximus

Lack of stability in lower extremities

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35
Q

Hurdle step screen: forward lean can indicate

A

Tight hamstrings

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36
Q

Bend and lift screen

sagittal

Tight

Back excessively arches 3

Back rounds forward 4

A

Hipflexors, back extensors, latissimus Dorsi

Lats, teres major, pec major, pec minor

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37
Q

Hip adduction

(2)

View from

A

Lateral tilt of pelvis that elevates one hip

Elevated hip is identified as moving into adduction - LOG is tilted to the opposite and the elevated hip moves closer to the LOG

Back

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38
Q

Good shoulder flexion = _ to _ degrees

Inability to flex to _ degrees

Tightness in (6)

A

170 to 180 degrees

170

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres major
Rhomboids 
Subscapularis
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39
Q

Bend and lift: 5 observations in sagittal plane

A

Heel remains in contact with floor

Glute or quad dominance

Parallel of torso and tibia

Degree of lordosis

Excessive thoracic extension

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40
Q

Supination

Foot movement

Tibial knee movement

Femoral movement

Plane of view

A

Inversion

External

External

View from front

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41
Q 
Iliacus / psoas major
Rectus femoris
External oblique 
Upper back extensors 
Neck flexors
A

Lengthened/inhibited muscles associated with sway back posture

42
Q

5 primary movements of ADL

A 
Bending/lifting
Single leg movements 
Pushing 
Pulling 
Rotation
43
Q

Right angle model implies a state in the

A

Frontal plane

44
Q

Stork stand stops when (5)

A 
hands come off hips
stance foot inverts, everts or moves
elevated foot loses contact with stance leg
heel of stance leg touches floor
client loses balance
45
Q

Hurdle step screen

Raised leg
Lack of dorsiflexion

Tight.

Lengthened

A

Ankle plantar flexors

Ankle Dorsi flexors

46
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt

Tight muscles (2)

Lifestyle

Strengthen (2)

A

Superior anterior pelvis tilts forward and downward

Hip flexors - shortened hip flexors pull pelvis into anterior tilt and erector spinae

Sedentary, seated a lot

Abs and glutes

47
Q

Hurdle step screen

Ankles collapse inward/feet turn outward

Tight. 3

Lengthened 6

A

Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, peroneals

Medial gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, tibialis group, gluteus medius and Maximus

48
Q

Hurdle step screen

Raised leg
Hiking the raised hip

Tight.

A

Stance leg hip flexors -limiting posterior hip rotation during raise

49
Q

Muscle imbalance at a joint =

2

A

Dysfunctional movement

Working relationships of muscles around the joint

50
Q

Bend and lift screen Anterior view

TIGHT

Lack of foot stability - ankles collapse inward 3

Knees move inward 2

Lateral shift to a side

A

Soleus , Lateral gastrocnemius, peroneals

Hip adductors, tensor fascia latae

Lack of stability in lower extremities

51
Q

Scapular winging definition

Lengthened muscle

A

Protrusion of inferior angle and medial border of the scapula

Serratus anterior

52
Q

Internal/ medial rotation

ABILITY to internally rotate forearms 70 degrees toward mat

INABILITY to internally rotate forearms 70 degrees toward mat

A

Good mobility in the EXTERNAL (lateral rotators) allowing full ROM

Tightness in EXTERNAL rotators (infraspinatus and teres minor)

53
Q

Altered neural action of the muscles moving around the joint =

A

Tight or shortened muscles are overactive and dominant at the joint

54
Q

Thomas test: thigh off table, knee flexed 50 degrees

A

Tight iliopsoas and rectus femoris

55
Q

to calculate mcgill torso test - flexion:extension

A

divide flexion score by extension score

ex: flexion score: 120 seconds
extension score: 150 seconds

120/150 = .80 ratio score

56
Q

Bend and lift screen

Frontal view

3 Observations

A

Pronation, supination, eversion. Inversion

Alignment of knees over 2nd toe

Symmetry - lateral shift

57
Q

Hurdle step screen

Pelvis and low back

Posterior tilt with hunched over torso

Tight. 2

Lengthened

A

Rectus abdominis and hip extensors

Stance leg hip flexors

58
Q

Normal degree of trunk rotation in each direction

A

45 degrees

59
Q

Hurdle step screen

Raised leg

Limb deviates from sagittal plane

Tight.

Lengthened

A

Raised leg hip extensors

Raised leg hip flexors

60
Q

Hurdle step screen

Stance leg hip rotation

Tight.

Lengthened

A

Stance leg or raised leg internal rotators

Stance leg or raised leg internal rotators

61
Q

Pronation increases (2)

A

Anterior pelvic tilt- to accommodate the head of the femur which is internally rotated

Lumbar lordosis

62
Q

Tight muscles - 3

Medially rotated humerus

Plane of view

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis

Frontal

63
Q

Inability to reach normal trunk rotation can lead to an increase in

A

Lordosis

64
Q

right side bridge: left side bridge score should be no greater than

A

.05 from balanced score of 1.0

(.95 to 1.05)

ex:
RSB = 88 seconds
LSB = 92 seconds

88/92 = .96

65
Q

3 torso tests

A

trunk flexor endurance test

trunk lateral endurance test

trunk extensor endurance test

66
Q

Lack of thoracic dominance will negatively impact

A

Glenohumeral mobility

67
Q

Hurdle step screen

Lateral tilt, forward lean

Tight.

Lengthened

A

Lack of core stability

68
Q

Stork Stand Balance test assesses

A

static balance by standing on one foot on toes in a modified stork position

69
Q

Tight hip flexors and erector spinae also known as

A

Lower cross syndrome

70
Q

Stork Stand Balance Test results excellent/poor

Men

Women

A

men: greater than 50 seconds
less than 20 seconds

women: greater than 30 seconds
less than 10 seconds

71
Q

Apleys scratch test

Extension
Internal rotation
Adduction

A

Reach arm behind back, bending elbow

Palm facing outward

Reach inferior angle of contralateral scapula or up spine as far as possible

72
Q

Scapulothoracic movements

6

A 
Elevation
Depression 
Adduction (retraction)
Abduction (protraction)
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
73
Q

Scapular winging or protraction results from

A

Inabilities of rhomboids and serratus anterior to hold scapulae in place

74
Q

Sharpened Romberg test assesss

3

A

Static balance

With reduced base of support

Visual sensory removed

75
Q

Bend and lift screen

Sagittal

(5)

*list from feet to head

A

Heels remain in contact with the floor

Achieve parallel btwn tibia and torso

Glute or quad dominance

Degree of lordosis

Head position changes

76
Q

Scapular protraction

Tight muscle

signs of protraction when viewing client anteriorly

Natural amount of

A

Protrusion of medial border outward

Serratus anterior

Palms face backward instead of to the sides

Shrugging

77
Q

Bend and lift screen

sagittal

Head down

Head upward

A

Increased hip and trunk flexion

Tightness in cervical extensor region

78
Q

Faulty neural control due to

2

A

Muscle tightness

Imbalance between muscles acting at the joint

79
Q

With good posture earlobe should align

Cheek bone should align with

Plane of view

A

Over the acromion process

Collar bone

Sagittal

80
Q

Primary objective is all training programs

A

Improve functionality

81
Q

Forward head position

Tight muscles- 3

Plane of view

A

Cervical spine extensors, upper trapezius and levator scapular

Sagittal

82
Q

External/lateral rotation

ABILITY to externally rotate forearms 90 degrees to touch mat

INABILITY to externally rotate forearms 90 degrees to touch mat

A

Good mobility in the INTERNAL (medial rotators) allowing full ROM

Tightness in INTERNAL rotators (subscapularis)

83
Q

Tight muscles

Shoulders not level. - 3

Asymmetry to midline - 1

Plane of view

A

Upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids

Lateral trunk flexors (flexed sides)

Frontal

84
Q

Correctible factors of posture

6

A 
Repetitive movements
Awkward positions and movements
Lack of joint Mobility 
Lack of joint stability 
Side dominance
Imbalanced strength training programs
85
Q

Pronation

Foot movement

Tibial knee movement

Femoral movement

Plane of view

A

Eversion

Internal rotation

Internal rotation

View from front

86
Q

Bilateral discrepancy in trunk rotation could mean

A

Side dominance

87
Q

Movement efficiency

2

A

Ability to generate appropriate levels of movement and force at desired joints

Stabilizing kinetic chain against gravity based forces

88
Q

5 key postural deviations

A

Ankle pronation/supination - tibial and femoral rotation

Hip adduction

Pelvic tilting - anterior and posterior

Shoulder position

Head position

89
Q

Lumbar spine exhibits rotation of approximately _

A

15 degrees

90
Q

Apley’s Scratch test assesses simultaneous movement of:

A

the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint

91
Q

Good shoulder extension = _ to _ degrees

Inability to flex to _ degrees

Tightness in (6)

A

50 to 60 degrees

50

Pectoralis major
Abs
Subscapularis 
Anterior deltoid 
Coracibrachialis
Biceps brachii
92
Q

Hip extensors

External obliques

Upper back extensors

Scapular stabilizers

Neck flexors

A

Lengthened/ inhibited muscles - kyphosis - lordosis posture

93
Q

Raising arms over head

Glenohumeral - more mobile

Scapulothoracic- more stable

A

120 degrees

60 degrees

94
Q

Proper posture

A

Muscle action from deep muscles with high concentrations of Type I muscle fibers

95
Q

Frontal plane view

A

Looking at clients head on or from behind

Divides right and left side

96
Q

Hurdle step screen

Hip adduction

Tight. 2

Lengthened 2

A

Hip adductors, tensor fascia latae

Gluteus medius, Maximus

97
Q

Static posture

2

A

The alignment of the body’s segments

How the person holds himself statically or isometrically in space

98
Q

Hamstrings
Upper fibers of posterior obliques
Lumbar extensors
Neck extensors

A

Shortened/ hypertonic/facilitated muscles associated with sway back posture

99
Q

Internal- external rotation of humerus at the shoulder

External

Internal

A

Lateral- rotate forearms backward toward the mat -aiming the forearms and backs of hands on the mat

Medial- rotate forearm forward toward mat, Turing palms downward

100
Q

Thoracic spine mobility screen evaluates

A

Trunk rotation in the transverse plane

101
Q

when evaluating the torso flexion:extension test ratio should be

A

less than 1.0

102
Q 
Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors 
Anterior chest / shoulders
Latissimus Dorsi
Neck extensors
A

Shortened/ hypertonic/facilitated muscles associated with kyphosis- lordosis

Chapter 7: Functional Assessments (2 decks)

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