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Chapter 7: Functional Assessments > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Thomas test goal

Passive straight leg goal

A

Assess length of hip flexors and rectus femoris

Assess length of hamstrings

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2
Q

Bend and lift screen

Sagittal view

Tight

Unable to keep heels in contact with the floor

Hip and knee initiate movement (dominance)

insufficient activation of

A

Plantar flexors

Hip flexor and quad dominance

Glutes

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3
Q

Shoulder flexion test lie _ on mat

Shoulder extension test lie _ on mat

A

Supine

Prone

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4
Q

Hurdle step screen

Pelvis and low back

Anterior tilt with forward torso lean

Tight.

Lengthened

A

Stance leg hip flexors

Rectus abdominis and hip extensors

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5
Q

Shoulder push screen

Compensations

Scapulothoracic - winging during push up movement

Trunk-hyperextension or collapsing of lower back (3)

A

Inability of parascapular muscles to stabilize the scapulae against the rib cage

Lack of core, ab, and low back strength

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6
Q

Initial assessment that should be conducted

A

Static postural assessment

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7
Q

acceptable score for RSB:LSB test

A

.95 to 1.05

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8
Q

Lumbar dominance

Quad dominance

Glute dominance 3

A

Chronically tight hip flexors

Reliance on quads during squat- pressure transferred to knees

Eccentrically loading glutes during squat- hip hinge *preferred movement, activates hamstrings

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9
Q

Rectus abdominis
Upper back extensors
Neck extensors
Ankle plantar flexors

A

Shortened/ hypertonic/facilitated muscles associated with flat back posture

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10
Q

Hurdle step screen

Knees move inward

Tight. 2

Lengthened 2

A

Hip adductors,tensor fascia latae

Gluteus medius and Maximus

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11
Q

Bend and lift screen

Sagittal

Unable to achieve parallel between tibia and torso

Hamstrings contact back of calves

A

Lack of dorsiflexion due to tight plantar flexors

Muscle weakness- inability to stabilize and control lowering phase

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12
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt

Tight muscles (2)

A

Superior posterior pelvis tilts backward and downward

Rectus abdominis and hamstrings

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13
Q

Focus on gross deviations that differ by

A

Quarter inch ( 0.6 cm) or more btwn compartments of the body

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14
Q

trunk extensor endurance test assesses endurance of what 4 muscles

A

erector spinae

multifidi

longissimus

iliocostalis

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15
Q

Iliacus /psoas major

Internal oblique

Lumbar extensors

Neck flexors

A

Lengthened/ inhibited muscles associated with flat back posture

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16
Q

Thomas test

Back of lowered thigh DOESNT touch the table and knee DOESNT flex to 80 degrees

Back of lowered thigh DOESNT touch the table and knee DOES flex to 80 degrees

Back of lowered thigh DOES touch the table and knee DOESNT flex to 80 degrees

A

Tight hip flexors

Tight iliopsoas - preventing posterior rotation and and inhibits thigh from touching table

Rectus femoris- dies not allow knee to bend

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17
Q

Apleys scratch test assesses 3 movements

A

Shoulder extension/flexion

Internal/external rotation of humerus

Scapular abduction and adduction

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18
Q

Non-correctible factors

4
Examples

A

Congenital conditions -scoliosis

Some pathologies - rheumatoid arthritis

Structural deviations - femoral
anteversion

Certain types of trauma-surgery, amputation

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19
Q

Bend and lift screen

sagittal

Lengthened

Back excessively arches 4

Back rounds forward 1

A

Core, rectus abdominis, glutes, hamstring

Upper back extensors

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20
Q

3 key components to include when conducting postural assessments

A

Client history - musculoskeletal issues, congenital issues, injury, pain, discomfort

Lifestyle information- occupation, side dominance and habitual patterns

Visual and manual observations-postural deviations, muscle imbalance, correctible vs non correctible compensations

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21
Q

Hurdle step screen objective

A

To examine the mobility of one limb and stability of the contralateral limb while maintaining hip and torso stabilization

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22
Q

Pronation can lead to tightened _ muscle because

A

Tight calf muscles

Calcaneus moves into eversion lifting heel off ground = ankle in plantar flexion

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23
Q

Tight muscles. 3

Protracted shoulders - forward rounded

Plane of view

A

Serratus anterior, anterior scapulothoracic muscles, upper traps

Saggital

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24
Q

Bend and lift

3 observations in frontal plane

A

Pronation/ supination

Alignment of knee over second toe

Lateral shift

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25
Passive straight leg test Raised leg achieves at least 80 degrees of movement before pelvis rotates Raised leg DOESNT achieve 80 degrees of movement before pelvis rotates
Normal hamstring length Tight hamstrings
26
side bridge (either side) and extension ratio should be
less than .75 ex: RSB 88 seconds extension score 150 88/150 = .59
27
Apleys scratch test Flexion External rotation Abduction
Arm over head, bent elbow Palm facing inward Reach for medial border of contralateral scapula or reach down spine as far as possible
28
All transverse views of limbs and torso are performed in
Sagittal and frontal plane positions
29
Hurdle step screen Allow _degrees of hip flexion without compensation
70 degrees
30
trunk flexor endurance test asses endurance of what 3 muscles
transverse abdominis quatratus lumborum erector spinae
31
Sagittal plane view
Looking at client from side - divides anterior and posterior
32
Tight muscles 4 Kyphosis and depressed chest Plane of view
Shoulder adductors Pectoralis minor Rectus abdominis Internal oblique Sagittal
33
trunk lateral endurance test (side bridge test) assesses endurance of what 4 muscles
transverse abdominis quadratis lumborum erector spinae obliques
34
Bend and lift screen - Anterior view LENGTHENED Lack of foot stability - ankles collapse inward 3 Knees move inward 2 Lateral shift to a side
Medial gastrocnemius, sartorius, tibialis group Gluteus medius and Maximus Lack of stability in lower extremities
35
Hurdle step screen: forward lean can indicate
Tight hamstrings
36
Bend and lift screen sagittal Tight Back excessively arches 3 Back rounds forward 4
Hipflexors, back extensors, latissimus Dorsi Lats, teres major, pec major, pec minor
37
Hip adduction (2) View from
Lateral tilt of pelvis that elevates one hip Elevated hip is identified as moving into adduction - LOG is tilted to the opposite and the elevated hip moves closer to the LOG Back
38
Good shoulder flexion = _ to _ degrees Inability to flex to _ degrees Tightness in (6)
170 to 180 degrees 170 ``` Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Latissimus Dorsi Teres major Rhomboids Subscapularis ```
39
Bend and lift: 5 observations in sagittal plane
Heel remains in contact with floor Glute or quad dominance Parallel of torso and tibia Degree of lordosis Excessive thoracic extension
40
Supination Foot movement Tibial knee movement Femoral movement Plane of view
Inversion External External View from front
41
``` Iliacus / psoas major Rectus femoris External oblique Upper back extensors Neck flexors ```
Lengthened/inhibited muscles associated with sway back posture
42
5 primary movements of ADL
``` Bending/lifting Single leg movements Pushing Pulling Rotation ```
43
Right angle model implies a state in the
Frontal plane
44
Stork stand stops when (5)
``` hands come off hips stance foot inverts, everts or moves elevated foot loses contact with stance leg heel of stance leg touches floor client loses balance ```
45
Hurdle step screen Raised leg Lack of dorsiflexion Tight. Lengthened
Ankle plantar flexors Ankle Dorsi flexors
46
Anterior pelvic tilt Tight muscles (2) Lifestyle Strengthen (2)
Superior anterior pelvis tilts forward and downward Hip flexors - shortened hip flexors pull pelvis into anterior tilt and erector spinae Sedentary, seated a lot Abs and glutes
47
Hurdle step screen Ankles collapse inward/feet turn outward Tight. 3 Lengthened 6
Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, peroneals Medial gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, tibialis group, gluteus medius and Maximus
48
Hurdle step screen Raised leg Hiking the raised hip Tight.
Stance leg hip flexors -limiting posterior hip rotation during raise
49
Muscle imbalance at a joint = | 2
Dysfunctional movement Working relationships of muscles around the joint
50
Bend and lift screen Anterior view TIGHT Lack of foot stability - ankles collapse inward 3 Knees move inward 2 Lateral shift to a side
Soleus , Lateral gastrocnemius, peroneals Hip adductors, tensor fascia latae Lack of stability in lower extremities
51
Scapular winging definition Lengthened muscle
Protrusion of inferior angle and medial border of the scapula Serratus anterior
52
Internal/ medial rotation ABILITY to internally rotate forearms 70 degrees toward mat INABILITY to internally rotate forearms 70 degrees toward mat
Good mobility in the EXTERNAL (lateral rotators) allowing full ROM Tightness in EXTERNAL rotators (infraspinatus and teres minor)
53
Altered neural action of the muscles moving around the joint =
Tight or shortened muscles are overactive and dominant at the joint
54
Thomas test: thigh off table, knee flexed 50 degrees
Tight iliopsoas and rectus femoris
55
to calculate mcgill torso test - flexion:extension
divide flexion score by extension score ex: flexion score: 120 seconds extension score: 150 seconds 120/150 = .80 ratio score
56
Bend and lift screen Frontal view 3 Observations
Pronation, supination, eversion. Inversion Alignment of knees over 2nd toe Symmetry - lateral shift
57
Hurdle step screen Pelvis and low back Posterior tilt with hunched over torso Tight. 2 Lengthened
Rectus abdominis and hip extensors Stance leg hip flexors
58
Normal degree of trunk rotation in each direction
45 degrees
59
Hurdle step screen Raised leg Limb deviates from sagittal plane Tight. Lengthened
Raised leg hip extensors Raised leg hip flexors
60
Hurdle step screen Stance leg hip rotation Tight. Lengthened
Stance leg or raised leg internal rotators Stance leg or raised leg internal rotators
61
Pronation increases (2)
Anterior pelvic tilt- to accommodate the head of the femur which is internally rotated Lumbar lordosis
62
Tight muscles - 3 Medially rotated humerus Plane of view
Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis Frontal
63
Inability to reach normal trunk rotation can lead to an increase in
Lordosis
64
right side bridge: left side bridge score should be no greater than
.05 from balanced score of 1.0 (.95 to 1.05) ex: RSB = 88 seconds LSB = 92 seconds 88/92 = .96
65
3 torso tests
trunk flexor endurance test trunk lateral endurance test trunk extensor endurance test
66
Lack of thoracic dominance will negatively impact
Glenohumeral mobility
67
Hurdle step screen Lateral tilt, forward lean Tight. Lengthened
Lack of core stability
68
Stork Stand Balance test assesses
static balance by standing on one foot on toes in a modified stork position
69
Tight hip flexors and erector spinae also known as
Lower cross syndrome
70
Stork Stand Balance Test results excellent/poor Men Women
men: greater than 50 seconds less than 20 seconds women: greater than 30 seconds less than 10 seconds
71
Apleys scratch test Extension Internal rotation Adduction
Reach arm behind back, bending elbow Palm facing outward Reach inferior angle of contralateral scapula or up spine as far as possible
72
Scapulothoracic movements | 6
``` Elevation Depression Adduction (retraction) Abduction (protraction) Upward rotation Downward rotation ```
73
Scapular winging or protraction results from
Inabilities of rhomboids and serratus anterior to hold scapulae in place
74
Sharpened Romberg test assesss | 3
Static balance With reduced base of support Visual sensory removed
75
Bend and lift screen Sagittal (5) *list from feet to head
Heels remain in contact with the floor Achieve parallel btwn tibia and torso Glute or quad dominance Degree of lordosis Head position changes
76
Scapular protraction Tight muscle signs of protraction when viewing client anteriorly Natural amount of
Protrusion of medial border outward Serratus anterior Palms face backward instead of to the sides Shrugging
77
Bend and lift screen sagittal Head down Head upward
Increased hip and trunk flexion Tightness in cervical extensor region
78
Faulty neural control due to | 2
Muscle tightness Imbalance between muscles acting at the joint
79
With good posture earlobe should align Cheek bone should align with Plane of view
Over the acromion process Collar bone Sagittal
80
Primary objective is all training programs
Improve functionality
81
Forward head position Tight muscles- 3 Plane of view
Cervical spine extensors, upper trapezius and levator scapular Sagittal
82
External/lateral rotation ABILITY to externally rotate forearms 90 degrees to touch mat INABILITY to externally rotate forearms 90 degrees to touch mat
Good mobility in the INTERNAL (medial rotators) allowing full ROM Tightness in INTERNAL rotators (subscapularis)
83
Tight muscles Shoulders not level. - 3 Asymmetry to midline - 1 Plane of view
Upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids Lateral trunk flexors (flexed sides) Frontal
84
Correctible factors of posture | 6
``` Repetitive movements Awkward positions and movements Lack of joint Mobility Lack of joint stability Side dominance Imbalanced strength training programs ```
85
Pronation Foot movement Tibial knee movement Femoral movement Plane of view
Eversion Internal rotation Internal rotation View from front
86
Bilateral discrepancy in trunk rotation could mean
Side dominance
87
Movement efficiency | 2
Ability to generate appropriate levels of movement and force at desired joints Stabilizing kinetic chain against gravity based forces
88
5 key postural deviations
Ankle pronation/supination - tibial and femoral rotation Hip adduction Pelvic tilting - anterior and posterior Shoulder position Head position
89
Lumbar spine exhibits rotation of approximately _
15 degrees
90
Apley's Scratch test assesses simultaneous movement of:
the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint
91
Good shoulder extension = _ to _ degrees Inability to flex to _ degrees Tightness in (6)
50 to 60 degrees 50 ``` Pectoralis major Abs Subscapularis Anterior deltoid Coracibrachialis Biceps brachii ```
92
Hip extensors External obliques Upper back extensors Scapular stabilizers Neck flexors
Lengthened/ inhibited muscles - kyphosis - lordosis posture
93
Raising arms over head Glenohumeral - more mobile Scapulothoracic- more stable
120 degrees 60 degrees
94
Proper posture
Muscle action from deep muscles with high concentrations of Type I muscle fibers
95
Frontal plane view
Looking at clients head on or from behind Divides right and left side
96
Hurdle step screen Hip adduction Tight. 2 Lengthened 2
Hip adductors, tensor fascia latae Gluteus medius, Maximus
97
Static posture | 2
The alignment of the body's segments How the person holds himself statically or isometrically in space
98
Hamstrings Upper fibers of posterior obliques Lumbar extensors Neck extensors
Shortened/ hypertonic/facilitated muscles associated with sway back posture
99
Internal- external rotation of humerus at the shoulder External Internal
Lateral- rotate forearms backward toward the mat -aiming the forearms and backs of hands on the mat Medial- rotate forearm forward toward mat, Turing palms downward
100
Thoracic spine mobility screen evaluates
Trunk rotation in the transverse plane
101
when evaluating the torso flexion:extension test ratio should be
less than 1.0
102
``` Hip flexors Lumbar extensors Anterior chest / shoulders Latissimus Dorsi Neck extensors ```
Shortened/ hypertonic/facilitated muscles associated with kyphosis- lordosis

Chapter 7: Functional Assessments (2 decks)

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