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Geology Chapter 7 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Pangaea start breaking up to form the contents of today?

A

200 million years ago

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2
Q

What was the name of the large ocean that existed when Pangaea was present?

A

Panthalassa “All Sea”

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3
Q

What was the name of the last super continent?

A

Pangaea

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4
Q

What land masses made up Gandwannaland?

A

All Southern continents and India

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5
Q

What land masses made up Laurasia?

A

All northern continents except India

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6
Q

What two large continents made up Pangaea

A

Gandwannaland and Laurissa

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7
Q

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfred Wegener

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8
Q

List 3 pieces of evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift theory

A
  • fit of South America and Africa
  • fossils match across the seas
  • rock types and structures match
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9
Q

The continental drift hypothesis was renamed in 1970 what is it now called today?

A

Plate Tectonics

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10
Q

What are the two types of plates on earth?

A

Continental and Oceanic plates

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11
Q

What is the average rate of movement for a tectonic plate?

A

2 inches per year

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12
Q

Name the 3 types of plate boundaries

A
  • divergent
  • convergant
  • transform
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13
Q

Where do most earthquakes occur?

A

plate boundaries

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14
Q

what are the 3 sub categories of Convergant plate boundaries?

A
  • Oceanic- Continental plate boundary
  • Oceanic- Oceanic Plate boundary
  • Continental- Continental Plate boundary
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15
Q

Name 2 examples of mountains ranges formed from oceanic/continental collisions

A

Andes

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16
Q

What are 3 features found at oceanic/oceanic plate boundaries

A

Subduction zone
tench
Volcanic (ocean) Island arcs

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17
Q

list 4 examples of oceanic/oceanic collision

A

Aleutian Islands

Mariana islands

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18
Q

what type of plate boundary created Costa Rica?

A

oceanic oceanic plate boundary

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19
Q

what is the main feature found at continental/continental plate boundary

A

Suture Zone

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20
Q

What is Suture zone?

A

linear belt of highly deformed rock

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21
Q

what type of mountains are formed form continental/continental plate convergence?

A

Non volcanic mountain ranges on land

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22
Q

what type of metamorphic event takes place when 2 continents collide?

A

Regional Metamorphism

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23
Q

How did the Himalayas mountains form

A

when the indo- Australian

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24
Q

what is another name for convergent plate boundary

A

Destructive plate boundary

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25
Q

How old are the deepest sediments?

A

180 million

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26
Q

Where are the thickest sediments on the ocean floor found?

A

near continents

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27
Q

what is an MOR?

A

Mid- Oceanic Ridge

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28
Q

is there a lot of sediment near the MOR’s?

A

NO

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29
Q

What is an MOR?

A

Mid- Oceanic Ridge

30
Q

Is there a lot of sediment near the MOR’s?

A

NO

31
Q

What are the three driving forces for plate movements ?

A

Plate mantle convection
Slab pull
Ridge push

32
Q

Which force of plate tectonics is the most powerful force?

A

Plate mantle convection

33
Q

What is meant by plate mantle convection

A

convection cells in the mantle

34
Q

In 50 million years, what will happen to the area west of San Andreas fault?

A

it will slide northward past the North American plate

35
Q

Eventually what will happen to Australia and New Guinea?

A

they will collide with Asia

36
Q

The cascade mountain range is northern California was created by what kind of boundary

A

convergent boundary

37
Q

what plate boundary is consider a destructive margin

A

convergent boundary

38
Q

What determines the violent nature of a volcanoes eruption?

A

Viscosity of Magma

39
Q

List the 4 igneous composition (magma) from low silica to high silica content

A

Ultramafic (very low silica)
Mafic (low silica)
Intermediate (medium silica)
Felsic (high silica)

40
Q

Lava will be (less vicious or more vicious) in high temperatures?

A

less vicious

41
Q

Lava will be less vicious or more vicious in high temperatures?

A

less vicious

42
Q

What are the two main gases in magma?

A

mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide

43
Q

What happens to the gases in magma as they get near the surface? and why?

A

Gases expands near surface.

44
Q

How does lava get near the surface? (stratovolcano)

A

because of the volatiles

45
Q

can gases easily escape from fluid magma?

A

yes

46
Q

can gases easily escape from vicious magma?

A

yes

47
Q

can gases easily escape from viscous magma?

A

yes

48
Q

What type of magma produces a more violent eruption

A

Viscous

49
Q

What are two types of lava flows

A
  • Pahoehoe lava

- Aa Lava

50
Q

what are the 4 sizes of pyroclastic material from small to large?

A

ash and dust
cinders
lapilli
blocks

51
Q

What are two types of ejected lava?

A

bombs

pumice

52
Q

What are 3 types of volcanos

A

shield
composite (stratovolcano)
Cinder (scoria) cones

53
Q

what type of composition does a shield volcano have?

A

Mafic composition (igneous)

54
Q

is the lava viscous or not viscous in a shield volcano?

A

not viscous

55
Q

do shield volcano have a step flank or a gentleman flank?

A

gentle flank

56
Q

do shield volcanoes have pyroclastic material?

A

very little

57
Q

What composition does a Composite volcano have?

A

Felsic to intermediate composition

58
Q

do composite volcanos have a step flak or a gentle flank

A

steep flank

59
Q

What is the deadliest type of volcano

A

composite (stratovolcano)

60
Q

When did Mt Pinatunbo erupt and where?

A

June 1991 Philippines

61
Q

What is the composition of a cinder cone?

A

Mafic

62
Q

how many eruptions does a cinder cone have?

A

One

63
Q

Does the cinder cone have violent and deadly eruptions?

A

violent but not deadly

64
Q

List 2 hot spot tracks found in the pacific

A

emperor sea mounts and…

65
Q

Name the 2 diffenrt shapes that a pluton can have?

A

tabular and Massive

66
Q

what are the 2 different orientations for a pluton?

A

cordent and discordant

67
Q

What are the three main causes of earthquakes?

A

volcanes
rock slippage
man made

68
Q

how many earthquakes occur in the united states?

A

3,000

69
Q

where can earthquakes happen?

A

anywhere

70
Q

how many earthquakes cause damage each year?

A

75

Geology Chapter 7 (1 decks)

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