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Physics Chapter 7 > Chapter 7. > Flashcards

Chapter 7. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

energy of motion

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2
Q

What is the formula for Kinetic Energy?

A

KE = 1/2mv2

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3
Q

All electrons have the same

A

mass

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4
Q

Is electron kinetic energy increased or decreased when you raise the kVp?

A

increased

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5
Q

How is electron kinetic energy increased?

A

by raising the kVp

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6
Q

When electron kinetic energy is increased, what happens to both the intensity and energy of the x-ray beam?

A

both the intensity (mAs) and energy (kVp) are increased

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7
Q

How many Joules per kEv?

A

1.6 x 10 -16

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8
Q

What is another name for the electrons traveling from cathode to anode?

A

Projectile electrons

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9
Q

What parts of a target atom do projectile electrons interact with?

A

orbital electrons or nuclear field

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10
Q

The interactions between the orbital electrons or nuclear field result in a conversion of what?

A

electron kinetic energy into thermal energy (heat) and electromagnetic energy in the form of infared radiation (also heat) and x-rays

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11
Q

What is responsible for most of the heat generated in anodes?

A

the constant excitation and return of outer shell electrons

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12
Q

What is the relationship of the production of heat in the anode and x-ray tube current?

A

direct

when you increase tube current, you increase the production of heat in the anode and when you decrease tube current, you decrease the production of heat in the anode

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13
Q

Does kVp affect the production of heat in the anode?

A

yes, the relationship is direct

when you increase kVp, you increase the production of heat in the anode, and when you decrease kVp, you decrease the production of heat in the anode

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14
Q

The efficiency of the x-ray tube is affected by what?

A

The kVp

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15
Q

Are mAs and the efficiency of the x-ray tube related?

A

No, the efficiency of x-ray production is independent of mAs ( tube current)

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16
Q

Does the effective energy of characteristic x-rays increase or decrease with increasing atomic number?

A

Increases

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17
Q

What is another name for projectile electrons?

A

incident electrons, filament electrons

18
Q

How do characteristic x-rays occur?

A

When an outer-shell electron fills an inner-shell void

19
Q

Are characteristic x-rays low or high energy?

A

low

20
Q

What is the effective energy of K-shell x-rays?

A

69

21
Q

What is the effective energy of L-shell x-rays?

A

12

22
Q

What is the effective energy of M-shell x-rays?

A

3

23
Q

What is the effective energy of N-shell x-rays?

A

1

24
Q

What is the effective energy of O-shell x-rays?

A

0.1

25
Q

What does Bremsstrahlung mean?

A

breaking or slowing down radiation

26
Q

How are Bremsstrahlung x-rays produced?

A

When a projectile electron is slowed by the nuclear field of target atoms

27
Q

What happens to some of the kinetic energy of the projectile electron in a Bremsstrahlung x-ray?

A

some of the kinetic energy of the projectile electron is converted into electromagnetic energy

28
Q

Is the projectile electron influenced more or less the closer it gets to the nucleus

A

more

29
Q

How is a low-energy Bremsstrahlung x-ray produced?

A

When the projectile electron is barely influenced by the nucleus

30
Q

How is a maximum-energy Bremsstrahlung x-ray occur?

A

when the projectile electron loses all of its kinetic energy and simply drifts away from the nucleus

31
Q

Can Bremsstrahlung x-rays be produced at any projectile electron energy?

A

Yes

32
Q

A K-characteristic x-ray requires a tube potential of what?

A

At least 69 kVp

33
Q

Is a discrete spectrum associated with Bremsstrahlung x-rays or characteristic x-rays

A

characteristic x-rays

34
Q

Is a continuous spectrum associated with Bremsstrahlung x-rays or characteristic x-rays?

A

Bremsstrahlung x-rays

35
Q

Discrete energies of characteristic x-rays are characteristic of the difference between what?

A

electron binding energies

36
Q

What x-rays are the only x-ray with sufficient energy to be of value in diagnostic radiology?

A

Characteristic K-xrays

37
Q

In a bremsstrahlung x-ray spectrum, the highest number of x-rays are emitted with how much of the energy?

A

1/3 the maximum energy

38
Q

Is x-ray energy directly or inversely proportional to wavelength?

A

inversely

as x-ray wavelength decrease, energy increases
as x-ray wavelength increase, energy decreases

39
Q

What is the maximum x-ray energy numerically equal to?

A

The kVp

40
Q

The total number of x-rays emitted from an x-ray tube could be determined by adding together the number of x-rays emitted at each energy over the entire spectrum is known as

A

Known as intergration

41
Q

Is a spectrum shifted more to the right or left when the energy or kVp of the x-ray beam is higher?

A

right

Physics Chapter 7 (1 decks)

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